According to Barbara Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory, positive emotions do all of the following EXCEPT

a. promote rewarding social interactions that help to build valuable social support, enhanced coping strategies, and other enduring personal resources.

b. undo the lingering effects of negative emotions, and thus short circuit the potentially damaging physiological responses to stress that we will discuss momentarily.

c. are associated with an enhanced immune response.

d. alter people's mindsets, broadening their scope of attention, and increasing their creativity and flexibility in problem-solving.