A. Which of the following strategies for dealing with resistance to change is most appropriate when the resistance is caused by a fear of the unknown?

1. Participation and involvement

2. Negotiation and agreement

B. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the facilitation and support strategy to deal with resistance to change?

1. It takes time and can be expensive.

2. It overpowers resistance through force.

C. Which of the following is a difference between dialogic organizational development (OD) and diagnostic organizational development (OD)?

1. Dialogic OD uses the processes of unfreeze, change, and freeze to manage change, whereas diagnostic OD uses no systematic steps to manage change.

2. A consultant is an involved facilitator in dialogic OD, whereas he or she is a neutral facilitator in diagnostic OD.

3. Central to the diagnostic approach is the view that "real change" only occurs when mindsets are altered, whereas the dialogic approach focuses on making changes at the management level.

D. The approach and the values underpinning organization development (OD) were predominantly developed in:

1. the United States.

2. South America.

3. Japan.

E. Which of the following is NOT one of Barry Staw and Jerry Ross's factors that lead to escalation?

1. Project determinants

2. Economic determinants

3. Social determinants