A top executive claimed that superior management is a craft technology because the work contains intangibles (such as handling personnel, interpreting the environment, and coping with unusual situations that have to be learned through experience). If this is true, is it appropriate to teach management in a business school? Does teaching management from a textbook assume that the manager's job is analyzable and, therefore, that formal training rather than experience is most important?

Evaluate how a change initiative creates the conditions of high efficiency for an organization through clarity and focus. What are the benefits of clarity and focus in change initiatives?