A. identify a casual hypothesis that might be raised by the passage.

B. Identify whether the passage reports a randomized controlled experiment, a prospective observation study, or a retrospective observational study.

C. Identify the comparison groups.

D. State the difference in "effect" or "cause'" between the comparison groups.

E. Identify any problems in the investigation or the report of it, including uncontrolled confounding variables.

F. State the conclusion you think is warranted by the report

Investigations conducted by researchers at the University of Washington in Seattlesuggest that cheating may create more positive feelings than guilty ones.

In one experiment, 179 participants were asked to unscramble as many of 15 words as possible in four minutes and told they would be given $1 for every correct word. Unknown to the subjects, their responses were recorded.

When they were asked to check their own work in private before submitting it, 71 participants cheated by adding additional correct words to their answer sheets. Afterwards, cheaters reported on average a greater increase in excitement and positive feelings than non-cheaters did.