A criminal justice researcher is interested in studying the relationship between the religious affiliation of offenders and sentence (in years) handed out. Here is the data she is working with:

Catholics    Protestants    Jews    Muslims

10    10    12    12

16    10    12    12

16    16    16    10

12    13    16    12

12    13    18    13

13    12    13    16

14    12    13    13

12    18    11    13

12    11    12    11

12    12    14    12

A) Calculate the total sum of squares.

B) Calculate the within-group sum of the squares.

C) Calculate the between-group sum of squares.

D) Calculate the mean square between groups (M S between)

E) Calculate the mean square within groups (M S  w i t h i n )

F) Calculate the F ratio

G) Are your results statistically significant, and if so, at what level?

H) What are your conclusions about the null hypothesis?