A community’s County Health Rankings might suggest that the biggest driver of poor health in that community is unemployment. How would you present the case to your nonprofit hospital board that the biggest contribution the hospital could make to community health would be to join and support an initiative to increase local jobs, rather than holding health fairs or o?ering educational lecture series?

Cross-sectional research shows that, on average, people with disabilities secondary to illness or injury have lower socioeconomic status than people without disabilities. How could longitudinal research help to explain whether this is because people of lower socioeconomic status are at higher risk of developing disabilities, or because disability leads to loss of income and thus lower socioeconomic status (e.g., reverse causality)? In a population health model, how could lower socioeconomic status increase the risk of disability secondary to illness or injury?