31. The scientific management perspective refers to the management thinking and practice that emphasizes satisfaction of employees' basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity.( )

32. The management science approach uses qualitative data in management decision making.( )

33. The field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services refers to operations management.( )

34. Information technology is the most recent subfield of the quantitative perspective.( )

35. The term "quants" refers to financial managers and others who base their decisions on complex quantitative analysis, under assumption that using advanced mathematics and technology can accurately predict how the market works.( )

36. Contingency thinking is the ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements.( )

37. When the shop foreman receives and rewards valuable suggestions from its workers, and this leads to continual improvement of production, synergy has occurred.( )

38. Discerning circles of causality is an important element of systems thinking.( )

39. Contingency theory suggests that managers are more successful if they learn the best way to manage and motivate their employees, and then apply this knowledge in a universally consistent way.( )

40. A contingency view argues that there is one best way to manage an organization.( )

41. The inherent focus of TQM is on managing the total organization to deliver quality to the customer.( )

42. Although developed by a Japanese business manager, the quality movement is strongly associated with American companies.( )

43. Benchmarking involves finding out what the customer wants.( )

44. A process whereby companies find out how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it refers to outsourcing.( )

45. The implementation of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis refers to continuous improvement.( )

46. Six Sigma refers to an innovation mindset, used widely by Indian companies, that strives to meet customers' immediate needs quickly and inexpensively.( )

47. Supply chain management refers to the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.( )

48. Customer relationship management systems collect and manage large amounts of data about customers and make them available to employees.( )

49. A supply chain is a network of multiple businesses and individuals that are connected through the flow of products or services.( )