1.What is the name of the time period that evolved out of the Oldowan, or pebble tool, tradition and lasted until about 15,000 years ago?

A.    Oldowan

B.    Acheulian

C.    Chalcolithic

D.   Paleolithic

E.    Neolithic

2.Which of the following statements describes a key difference between Oldowan and Acheulian tools?

A.    Oldowan tools show an increase in size and a focus in being used for hunting.

B.    Acheulian tools, such as the hand ax, represent a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker, suggesting a cognitive leap between earlier hominins and H. erectus.

C.    Oldowan tools are based on the production of blades, associated with an increasing range of ways hominins exploited their biological and cultural environments.

D.   Acheulian tools show representations of the human form on nonfunctional surfaces.

E.    Acheulian tools constitute a move away from wood toward more plastic media like clay.

3.Which of the following is a difference between Homo erectus and the australopithecines?

A.    Homo erectus exhibited full bipedalism.

B.    The australopithecines’ teeth suggest that they ate a lot more meat.

C.    Homo erectus’s cranial capacity was much larger.

D.   Homo erectus had the largest sagittal crest of any hominin.

E.    Homo erectus’s mortuary practices are less elaborate.

4.What is the most likely explanation of why early Homo left Africa and spread into Eurasia?

A.    a hyperspecialization on vegetarian diets

B.    the need to find meat

C.    Homo’s smaller bodies, in relation to australopithecines’, made them more nimble and fit for long-distance travel.

D.   overpopulation in Africa

E.    a maladaptation to a more energy-inefficient system of locomotion

5.Which of the following sites is not included in the probable range of H. erectus?

A.    Java

B.    China

C.    South Africa

D.   Alaska

E.    Europe

6.European fossils and tools have contributed disproportionately to our knowledge and interpretation of early (archaic) H. sapiens. What explains this?

A.   Anatomically modern humans evolved in France.

B.    the richness of data from the Zhoukoudian site

C.    the long history of Paleolithic archaeology in Europe relative to other regions in the world

D.   Archaic H. sapiens were driven to Europe by the more aggressive Cro-Magnons.

E.    stratigraphic disturbances caused by glaciers

7.Archaic H. sapiens (300,000? to 28,000 BP) encompass the earliest members of our species, along with

A.    H. floresiensis of the Indonesian island of Flores.

B.    the Neanderthals of Europe and the Middle East and their Neanderthal-like contemporaries in Africa and Asia.

C.    the Neanderthals of China.

D.   gorillas and chimps.

E.    the late australopithecines of Africa.

8.Although the Neanderthals are remembered more for their physiques than for their manufacturing abilities, their tool kits were sophisticated. In fact, the Mousterian technology, which Neanderthals are associated with,

A.    included at least 14 categories of tools designed for different jobs.

B.    was characterized by a revolutionary use of metals in combination with wood and stone.

C.    provides the first definitive evidence of tool construction based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker.

D.   illustrates how blades became progressively more important in human evolution, particularly in Middle and Upper Paleolithic toolmaking.

E.    included a very complex technique involving chipping the core bilaterally and symmetrically, something never before seen in hominin toolmaking.

9.Until the recent—and surprising—discovery of H. floresiensis, few scientists

A.   could understand how H. erectus, with its chimplike brain size, could develop tool technologies.

B.    imagined that a different human species had survived through 12,000 BP, and possibly even later.

C.    believed the theory of multiregional evolution.

D.   were convinced to give up the use of the term hominid for the more accurate hominin.

E.    traveled to Indonesia.

10. One of the most surprising aspects of the recent discovery of H. floresiensis is

A.    the suggestion that this species had developed capacities for language despite their small brains, as is evidenced in their cave art.

B.    the evidence that this new species may have replaced Neanderthals in the Middle East later than expected.

C.    the archaeological evidence of sophisticated astronomical knowledge.

D.   the suggestion that anatomically modern humans may have reached the Americas much earlier than expected.

E.    the suggestion of sophisticated cultural abilities typically associated with anatomically modern humans, not with a hominin with a chimplike brain and extremities.