1. The use of Affirmative Action is often defended by appealing to the diversity argument. What is the diversity argument and why do defenders of AA think diversity is a good thing? Consider the practical and the principled objections to the diversity argument - do you think these objections provide good reason to reject AA, why or why not?

2. While using Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" as your primary text, explain the four steps of non-violent direct action. Why does King think that a direct action protest should "create crisis to force negotiation" and how is does it work? How could this form of protest be used effectively today?

3. In Malcolm X's "The Ballot or the Bullet", Malcolm is critical of the way Northern Black voters used their right to vote in the 1964 Presidential election. How did his criticism work and what did black voters do when voting that they should not have done? Compare this to bad reasons that contemporary voters vote for candidates - how would Malcolm X's advice help contemporary voters make better decisions when they vote - how would it not?

4. Like many conservative feminists, Mill argues that the historical conditions of the past have contributed to the subjection of women - how does he make this point? Why does he think that women should no longer be subject to men? What role does open competition play in the liberation of women for Mill? Do you think open competition in all aspects of society would be good for women - why or why not?

5. Feel free to pick any topic that we discussed in classsince the mid-term exam that is not examined in one of the above prompts. If you choose this option, you will need to come up with questions that you will then need to answer within your paper while both explaining the position of one of the philosophers we read and presenting and defending your own position.

• On this assignment, is important that you stick closely to the structural guidelines posted on Canvas so that you will not lose points for poor paper structure. Don't forget to consider and respond to an objection to your thesis within your paper, regardless of the wording of the prompt (some of the prompts don't make it obvious what and how you should object and respond).

• 6-8 pages in length. 6 FULL pages minimum - there really isn't a maximum length requirement. Double space between lines - not between sentences (be careful with Word's default which adds an extra space between paragraphs - turn it off). Do not use any other slick formatting tricks in order to subvert the minimum length requirement.

• Please submit a copy of your paper in class on Monday, April 25th- late papers will result in a significant loss of points, so make sure you complete your paper on time.

• 100 points possible

Attachment:- structural_guidelines_for_term_papers-2.rar