1.Speech Before the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition," he told his audience to "Cast down your buckets where you are." This was advice given to Black and White southerners. Discuss the meaning of Washington's statement, its positive aspects and its limitations.

2.Discuss how the rise of racial violence after Reconstruction shaped southern society. How were lynchings justified by the majority? How were lynchings challenged by figures like Ida B. Wells? In discussing Wells' exploration of lynching, address her critics, both black and white.