1. Research design strategy encompasses all of the components below except _____.
A. data collection design
B. sampling design
C. instrument development
D. data analysis
E. all of the above are part of the design strategy
2. Discussions with those who are knowledgeable about the problem or its possible solutions are called _____.
A. brainstorming
B. experience surveys
C. focus groups
D. experiments
E. projection techniques
3. Which type of study is loosely structured and designed to expand understanding of a topic and provide insights?
A. Formal
B. Causal
C. Exploratory
D. Experimental
E. Descriptive
4. The goal of a formal study is to _____.
A. discover future research tasks
B. expand understanding of a topic
C. test hypotheses
D. provide insight
E. develop hypotheses
5. A case study is one that _____.
A. attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses
B. emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations
C. discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much
D. attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another
E. provides repeated measures over an extended period of time
6. A descriptive study is one that _____.
A. attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses
B. emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations
C. discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much
D. attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another
E. provides repeated measures over an extended period of time
7. A causal study is one that _____.
A. attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses
B. emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations
C. discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much
D. attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another
E. provides repeated measures over an extended period of time
8. A(n) _____ study involves manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable.
A. ex post facto
B. exploratory
C. experimental
D. statistical
E. causal
9. A(n) _____ study explains what happened to a measured variable after-the-fact.
A. ex post facto
B. exploratory
C. experimental
D. statistical
E. causal
10. Kroger, a grocery store chain, wants to identify the ideal store layout for increasing store sales. Because it primarily uses two store designs, one a grid layout with vertical aisles divided by a center aisle and another using a traditional straight-aisle pattern, Kroger will match pairs of stores that have different designs but similar shopper demographics and location. Sales between each pair will then be compared to determine if store design is related to sales. Which type of study is this an example of?
A. Case study
B. Experimental study
C. Exploratory study
D. Longitudinal study
E. Ex post facto study
11. An experimental study is one that _____.
A. attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses
B. involves manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable
C. discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much
D. attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another
E. provides repeated measures over an extended period of time
12. When studies are conducted under controlled conditions that do not simulate actual environmental conditions, the study is conducted _____.
A. experimentally
B. ex post facto
C. under field conditions
D. under laboratory conditions
E. via monitoring
13. Which of the following is not an example of a monitoring study?
A. Counting traffic at an intersection
B. Recording license plates in a parking lot
C. Mystery shopping in a competitor's store
D. Documenting interactions between customers and a call center
E. Telephone interview
14. The primary difference between a monitoring study and a communication study is that in a communication study, the researcher _____.
A. observes participants
B. documents activities without eliciting direct responses
C. asks questions of participants
D. collects data
E. records information over a period of time
15. InZone Research will survey fans attending one of the Final Four games to assess preferences for pricing and products offered at concession stands. What type of study is this an example of?
A. formal
B. cross-sectional
C. longitudinal
D. monitoring
E. ex post facto
16. When political researchers assess opinions towards President Bush's plan for social security reform, a(n) ______ study is used. However, when political researchers want to assess the change in opinion towards the war in Iraq from the initial deployment of troops to the elections in Iraq, a(n) _____ study should be used.
A. monitoring, communication
B. experimental, ex post facto
C. cross-sectional, longitudinal
D. exploratory, formal
E. laboratory, field
17. A simulation is a study that is designed to _____.
A. occur under actual environmental conditions
B. imitate reality
C. facilitate measurement
D. control all possible variables
E. all of the above
18. A(n) _____ defines a variable in terms of specific measurement criteria.
A. operational definition
B. empirical definition
C. measurement rule
D. mapping rule
E. conceptual definition