1. During natural service, which structure receives the penis of the male?
2. Up until a cow is ready to have a calf, in which structure can the developing fetus be found?

3. Where does fertilization (between the ovum and the sperm) occur?
4. Not only do the ovaries produce eggs, but also they produce two important hormones. Name each of these hormones.

Heat Detection and Signs of Estrus

5. What are the four stages of estrus? When does each stage occur and how long do they last?
6. What do cows do while they are in heat?
7. Why is the rump and tail head of the cow marked with chalk?
8. What are secondary signs of estrus? Name three.

AI Equipment and Semen Handling

9. Name each piece of equipment that is used to properlyexecute the AI process.
10. At what range of temperatures can semen be properly thawed?
11. Why is it important to dry the semen straw?What else should be avoided?

Breeding Technique

12. Why should the vulva be thoroughly cleaned?
13. What can occur if semen is deposited in the cervix or in the uterine horn?