1. Briefly describe the technologies that led businesses into the second wave of electronic commerce.

2. Name and briefly describe the two business activities that were the earliest implementations of electronic commerce.

3. Many business analysts have discussed the concept of the first-mover advantage. What are some of the disadvantages of being a first mover?

4. What are transaction costs, and why are they important considerations in electronic commerce?

How might a university use SWOT analysis to identify new degree programs that it could offer online?

5. In its early years, the Internet was a military project that became a science project with funding from the National Science Foundation. In one or two paragraphs, describe its transition to an environment that allowed and supported commercial activity.

6. In one or two paragraphs, explain what is meant by the term "Internet of Things."

7. Briefly describe the functions performed by routers in an interconnected network.

8. In about 100 words, explain the differences between a closed (or proprietary) architecture and an open architecture. In your answer, be sure to explain which is used for the Internet and why it is used.

9. In about 100 words, describe the function of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. Include a discussion of the differences between gTLDs and sTLDs in your answer.
10. The Web uses a client/server architecture. In about 100 words, describe the client and server elements of this architecture, including specific examples of software and hardware that are used to form the Web.

11. provide examples of at least two situations in which an organization would use XML and two situations in which an organization would use HTML.

12. Write a paragraph in which you describe the changes that occurred in virtual communities when the bandwidths available to Internet users increased.

13. Some companies use a social networking strategy in which they avoid making direct advertising or brand statements. In about 100 words, outline the advantages of that strategy.

14. In two or three paragraphs, describe the differences between a blog and a microblog. Be sure to discuss when a company might prefer to use a microblog in its social networking efforts rather than a blog.

15. In two or three paragraphs, outline at least three different ways in which a social networking site might monetize its visitors.

16. In about 100 words, outline at least three ways in which a mobile phone's GPS capabilities can be used to provide benefits to users of a social network.

17. Write a paragraph in which you describe the main task(s) performed by a Web server.

18. In a paragraph or two, describe the two basic approaches that can be used to create dynamic Web pages.

19. Write a paragraph in which you explain the purpose of a request message in a two-tier client-server architecture.

20. In about 100 words, describe how an n-tier architecture might be used by an online business. Include in your answer an outline of the functions that would likely be performed by computers configured in this way.
21. In a paragraph or two, explain why national laws designed to limit spam are largely ineffective.

22. In a paragraph, define throughput and response time. Explain why each is an important consideration in specifying a Web server hardware configuration.

23- Identify the benefits and costs of using a decentralized instead of a centralized server architecture in an online business operation. Summarize your findings in about 100 words.