10 Questions and each response must be at least 100 words in length. Textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying in-text citations (APA).

Question 1

What are the Phase I and Phase II reactions?

Explain why these reactions are important in the biotransformation of toxicants.

(Chapter 3, Pgs. 27-37)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 1 thru 3):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/c8227134-49aa-4b33-b072-c9ff9906527e

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.

Question 2

Lead is a ubiquitous metal that has various sources of exposure. Briefly explain how and why the effects of similar exposure to lead may vary according to an individual's age.

(Chapter 23, Pgs. 305-316)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 20 thru 24):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/87d92752-20ea-4257-b357-3e4e69c1f9a5

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.

Question 3

Explain teratogenesis. Speculate what organs maybe affected and what effects may be observed if a toxicant interrupts the developmental stage of the neonate?

(Chapter 9, Pgs. 127-134)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 7 thru 10):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/9d166a03-5521-4210-82ee-f20906e9cb51

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.

Question 4

In what situations should a mother be advised against breastfeeding? Should a mother who breastfeeds be held legally responsible for harmthat may result from breastfeeding the infant? (Chapter 10, Pgs. 138-145)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 7 thru 10):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/9d166a03-5521-4210-82ee-f20906e9cb51

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.

Question 5

A lot of discussion has developed over recent years in regards to the effects of steroids used on milk cows and how the steroids are transferred to the consumer products. Discuss what classification of food additive the steroids may fall under, and explain why. What potential concerns might this type of food additive cause for the consumer? (Chapter 20, Pgs. 269-273)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 20 thru 24):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/87d92752-20ea-4257-b357-3e4e69c1f9a5

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.

Question 6

Explain how an air pollutant can be transferred from airto contaminant a body of water.(Chapter 25, Pgs. 335-344)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 25 thru 27):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/78b48d90-dd9f-473e-b746-163871cd8e30

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.

Question 7

Apply two major sub-disciplines of toxicology to roles in occupational safety and health.

(Chapter 1, Pgs. 1-9)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 1 thru 3):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/c8227134-49aa-4b33-b072-c9ff9906527e

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.

Question 8

A worker is suspected to be exposed to a neurological toxicant. Speculate on what effects might be observed if the chemical indeed tested positive as being a neurological toxicant in laboratory testing.

(Chapter 17, Pgs. 213-226)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 17 thru 19):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/f7b94a45-4e8a-45e7-937c-d1a9dfc59b18

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.

Question 9

What is the difference between carcinogenesis and mutagenesis? Is it possible for a toxicant to cause the initiation of both events?

(Chapter 7 and 8, Pgs. 87-122)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 7 thru 10):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/9d166a03-5521-4210-82ee-f20906e9cb51

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.

Question 10

Describe the factors-such as sex, age, health status,nutritional status, and medications that alter the level of toxicity and the way a toxicant reacts in an individual.

(Chapter 5, Pgs. 59-69)

Course Textbook PDF Link (Chapters 4 thru 6):

https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/1109f689-80d2-4242-b5ea-f7354479d155

Reference

Kacew, S., & Lee, B. M. (2013). Lu's basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (6th ed.). New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.