1. Who received Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery in reverse transcriptase?

a. Francis Crick

b. David Baltimore

c. E. Blackburn

d. None of the above

2. Which of the following drug considered as anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic.

a. Aspirin

b. Insulin

c. Prozac

d. b and c

e. None of the above

3. Philadelphia chromosome is an abnormal version of chromosome 22. It associates CML. ABL and BCR genes locates at chromosome 9 and 22 respectively. Its ability to cause cancer can take place by;

a. Chromosomal translocation

b. Point mutation

c. Gene amplification

d. Deletion

e. All of the above

4. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be defective for the regulation of cell division to be defective).

a. True

b. False

5. Mutations in oncogenes are dominant.

a. True

b. False

6. Which of the following statements about the products of oncogenes are correct?

a. Oncogenes may encode proteins that are tyrosine kinases.

b. Oncogenes may encode proteins that are growth factors.

c. Oncogenes may encode proteins that are receptors for growth factors.

d. Oncogenes may encode proteins that are nuclear proteins.

e. Oncogenes may encode proteins that alter the sequences of proto-oncogenes, that is, act as mutagens, so as to activate them.

7. APC gene is considered as care-taker gene.

a. True

b. False

8. Ellen is responsible for sequence analysis in the lab. She has detected Gly to Valine change in a given bladder biopsies. She can report this finding to her lab book as:

a. Point mutation

b. Insertional mutation

c. Chromosomal translocation

d. DNA re-arrangement

e. Gene amplification

9. Genetic instability exhibits by cancer cells, gross abnormalities in chromosome structure and number. This is called chromosome instability. This can happen in single and/or double strand DNA. Their break for double stranded DNA can be corrected as follows;

a. BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins are required for efficient repair of double strand breaks

b. There are two main ways of repairing double strand breaks, non homologous end joining and homologous recombination

c. Rad50 exonuclease complex and Rad51 repair complex carries out strand invasion

d. This is called dominant negative mutation

e. All of the above