1. Which of the following statements is true of concurrent authority?

a. This situation arises when authority to regulate in an area has been expressly given to the state government by the Constitution.

b. When the state law on a subject matter is more restrictive than the federal laws, the state law is usually valid.

c. A state can regulate in an area even if the regulation conflicts with the federal regulation of the same subject matter.

d. In many areas of environmental regulation, states may impose less stringent pollution-control standards than those imposed by federal law.

2. Which of the following is true of police power?

a. It is typically used only in cases where the law has been violated and in which a suspect must be identified and apprehended.

b. It refers to the warning given by police to criminal suspects in custody to preserve the admissibility of their statements in criminal proceedings.

c. It emphasizes maintaining order and is usually found in communities with a declining industrial base.

d. It refers to the residual powers retained by the state to enact legislation to safeguard the health and welfare of its citizenry.