1. Which of the following is a false statement?

a. Under the Rule of Reason, U.S. courts will consider the purpose and consequences of an agreement between vertical businesses to restrain trade or commerce.

b. Market power is the power that a firm possesses to materially affect the market price of a product – up or down – at will.

c. Price discrimination is not necessarily a violation of U.S. antitrust law.

d. A firm that possesses a significant degree of market power is automatically violating monopolization antitrust laws in the United States.

2. Which of the following corporate acts is most likely to be held ultra vires today?

a. Contribution to a private university to help fund an entrepreneurship center

b. Generous gratuity paid to the young widow of the corporation's founder

c. Entering a joint venture with another business

d. Installation of antipollution equipment not yet required by law.