1. Which of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
A. A decrease in the frequency of hallucinations.
B. Affective flattening (reduced emotional responses).
C. Delusions.
D. Both A and B.
2. Which of the following allows for a more efficient code for events in a species'n environment?
A. An increase in the number of spikes neurons can produce.
B. Coding with text rather than images.
C. Coding with images rather than text.
D. A detailed internal model of the environment.
3. The calcarine sulcus is in the
A. temporal lobe.
B. frontal lobe.
C. occipital lobe.
D. parietal lobe.
4. Brain oscillations with a frequency of 60 Hz can be called
A. alpha oscillations.
B. beta oscillations.
C. gamma oscillations.
D. delta oscillations.
5. Shine et al. (2014) have hypothesized that an overactive ventral attention network (VAN) may lead to
A. hallucinations that are primarily auditory.
B. hallucinations that are primarily visual.
C. hallucinations that are heavily driven by external perceptual information.
D. hallucinations that depend little on external perceptual information.
6. The hippocampus has evolved from the
A. medial pallium.
B. dorsal pallium.
C. globus pallidus.
D. subpallium.
7. Which of Menon's three networks is involved in the processing of pain and the empathy for pain?
A. The SN.
B. The CEN.
C. The ACC.
D. The DMN.
8. The idea that the brain is a deterministic input-output machine
A. dates back to Rene Descartes.
B. dates back to Santiago Ramon y Cajal.
C. was developed at the end of the 20th century.
D. was developed only in the past decade.
9. Which of the following approaches heavily depend on probabilities?
A. Bayesian analyses and deterministic approaches.
B. Bayesian analyses and neuroeconomics.
C. Neuroeconomics and deterministic approaches.
D. All of the above.
10. After a stroke in a cortical region, a woman lost sight in a large part of her visual field. The artery that was involved in the stroke is likely to be
A. an anterior cerebral artery (ACA).
B. a middle cerebral artery (MCA).
C. a posterior cerebral artery (PCA).
D. a communicating artery.
11. How can one get from the basal ganglia to the thalamus?
A. Basal ganglia → Thalamus
B. Basal ganglia → Hippocampus → Thalamus
C. Basal ganglia → Pons → Cerebellum → Thalamus
D. Basal ganglia → Cerebellum → Pons → Thalamus
12. The "worst headache of one's life" is likely to be caused by
A. a blood vessel that has ruptured deep in the gray matter of the brain.
B. a drug that has crossed the blood-brain barrier.
C. a blood vessel that has ruptured in the subarachnoid space.
D. an obstructed blood vessel in the brain.