1. Which of the following actions is consistent with the police subculture?
A. Restraint in the use of force
B. Respect for individual rights
C. Use of illegal investigation tactics
D. Consistent truth-telling
2. Abuse-of-authority rules are found in
A. the Police Code of Conduct.
B. Title 42 of the U.S. Code.
C. the Bill of Rights.
D. each state's penal code.
3. The belief that criminal justice professionals do not learn ethics on the job because ethics are rooted in early learning is the _______ perspective.
A. values-learned
B. predispositional
C. rational choice
D. predetermined
4. The watchman style of policing evolved due to
A. the Boston Tea Party.
B. urbanization.
C. the Gold Rush of 1849.
D. railroad construction.
5. The key that makes gift-giving to law enforcement personnel unethical is whether or not
A. the gift is given before or after services are rendered.
B. the gift-giver is senior or junior to the recipient.
C. the value of the gift exceeds $500.
D. services will be expected in return.
6. The Wickersham Commission was established by President
A. Eisenhower.
B. Kennedy.
C. Nixon.
D. Hoover.
7. The formal law enforcement code of ethics promoted by the International Association of Chiefs of Police is a code that
A. provides mandatory rules of conduct that can serve as a basis of discipline.
B. provides principles or guidelines that relate to the value system of the organization.
C. specifies ideal behavior in an aspirational manner.
D. generally describes the tenets of professional conduct.
8. The _______ theory of leadership emphasizes the relationship between the leader and his or her subordinates.
A. train
B. contingency
C. objective
D. learning
9. The clearest reward a cadet can earn by learning the do's and don'ts of the police subculture is
A. promotion.
B. merits.
C. medals.
D. inclusion in the subculture.
10. Which of the following statements about police officer loyalty is true?
A. Loyalty is extended in a rational way.
B. The code of silence is mostly a myth.
C. The blue curtain of secrecy is breaking down.
D. Departmental loyalty is mostly a negative factor because it leads to corruption and cover-ups.
11. _______ justice is concerned with the allocation of goods and burdens of society to its respective members.
A. Corrective
B. Commutative
C. Equal
D. Distributive
12. Which of the following is an element of community policing?
A. Moving decision-making and discretion upward to office supervisors
B. Focusing on emergency response
C. Encouraging citizens to help in preventing and solving crimes
D. Maintaining an anonymous relationship with the community
13. The most scholarly viewpoint on how criminal justice professionals learn ethical and unethical behavior is the _______ approach.
A. differential
B. values-learned
C. rational-choice
D. values-added
14. The _______ system was a politician-centered system of policing.
A. community-policing
B. alderman
C. Peelian
D. progressive
15. _______ justice is associated with transactions in which one person feels unfairly treated.
A. Commutative
B. Natural
C. Corrective
D. Distributive
16. "Hostile environment" and "quid pro quo sexual harassment" were defined in
A. Dole v. Ward.
B. Katz v. Dole.
C. Miranda v. Arizona.
D. Katz v. Siempre.
17. The primary mission of policing established by Sir Robert Peel was to
A. implement a police hierarchy.
B. investigate crimes.
C. prevent crime and disorder.
D. control riots.
18. If an officer is found negligent, his or her supervisor can be sued in civil court. This is called
A. vicarious liability.
B. ethical liability.
C. criminal culpability.
D. guilt by association.
19. The tendency to rationalize one's behavior, avoid pain, gain rewards, and weigh risks and benefits while learning unethical behavior is explained by the _______ theory.
A. values-learned
B. noble-cause
C. legitimacy
D. rational-choice
20. The Knapp Commission investigated the New York City police department during the 1960s because it was a system where _______ was pervasive.
A. bribery
B. sexism
C. drug use
D. nepotism.