1) Which characteristic of negative charismatic leadership is more likely to lead to failure?

• Identification to the organization

• Focus on personal power

• Tendency to make risky decisions

• Centralized decision making

2) The leadership process that describes how a group operates in an open system with other groups is called

• inter-active process

• organizational process

• intra-individual process

• group process

3) A contingency theory of leadership that depends on specific procedures for leader behaviors and has strong support is

• LPC contingency model

• cognitive resource theory

• multiple-linkage model theory

• normative decision theory

4) A theory that emphasizes leader traits and skills as determinants of leadership behavior is best categorized at what level?

• Individual

• Organizational

• Group

• Dyadic

5) A theory that explains the most effective pattern of leadership behavior in a specified situation is best classified as

• prescriptive

• contingency

• universal

• descriptive

6) Distant charismatics are often described in terms of their effect on follower

• task behavior

• identification with the leader

• motivation

• political attitudes

7) Most of the leadership theory and research explaining the actions of leaders and why those actions occurred has described

• descriptive leadership

• ethical leadership

• universal leadership

• prescriptive leadership

8) Ideological leaders will develop when the leader

• appeals to shared values

• has particular expertise

• appeals to emotion

• makes a rational appeal to followers

9) What level of leadership process is emphasized in most theories of effective leadership?

• Dyadic

• Organizational

• Intra-individual

• Group

10) CEOs who exhibit charismatic characteristics were noted to

• generate more sales

• increase company profitability

• negotiate higher compensation packages

• make company ads

11) Which of the following is a characteristic of a positive charismatic?

• Centralized decision making by the leader

• Dependency on the leader

• Devotion to ideology not personal identification

• Information is restricted

12) One unique characteristic of followers in leadership theory is

• confidence and optimism

• traits

• task commitment and effort

• skills and expertise

13) Contingency theories may be difficult to implement because

• situational changes happen infrequently

• managers have time to evaluate situations

• of the rapid pace of business

• there is always a single best solution

14) Transformational behavior can include

• passive management by exception

• inspirational motivation

• contingent rewards

• active management by exception

15) Effective transformational leaders

• use a combination of transformational and transactional behaviors

• challenge strongly held values of followers to get their attention

• delegate most decisions to individuals or self-managed teams

• select subordinates who will be loyal and uncritical

16) A leadership contingency theory that stresses the intelligence and experience of the leader is

• situational leadership theory

• normative decision theory

• leadership substitutes theory

• cognitive resource theory

17) Which statement comparing transformational and charismatic leadership is most accurate?

• Leader articulation of an appealing vision is important in both theories.

• There are no important differences between the two types of leadership.

• Situational variables are less important for charismatic leadership

• Personal identification is more important in transformational leadership.

18) Which statement about transformational and charismatic leadership is most accurate?

• Both types of leadership involve the same underlying processes

• Charisma is a necessary ingredient in transformational leadership

• Both types of leadership are effective in any situation

• Charismatic leaders are more effective in business organizations

19) Charismatic leaders add followers by

• sharing the decision making

• considering other solutions

• appealing to emotions and articulating a vision

• possessing specific expertise

20) The concept that some people are natural (born) leaders is an attribute of which leadership approach?

• Trait approach

• Power-influence approach

• Behavior approach

• Situation approach

21) A contingency theory that contains mediating variables is

• multiple-linkage model

• situational leadership theory

• leadership substitutes theory

• cognitive resource theory

22) Most leadership theories emphasize

• follower characteristics

• leader characteristics

• both leader and follower characteristics

• characteristics of the leadership situation