1. When is cash flow return on investment (CFROI) more appropriate to use than ROIC? When is CFROI less appropriate to use than ROIC?

2. How much difference do we observe in CFROI versus ROIC estimates for firms?

3. ResearchCo is a medical devices company, producing equipment for diagnosing and treating heart disease. The company currently generates $100 million in revenues and is expected to grow 10 percent per year. ResearchCo maintains cost of sales at 50 percent of revenue, maintains research and development (R&D) at 15 percent of revenue, and pays an operating tax rate of 30 percent. To generate 10 percent growth, ResearchCo will reinvest 20 percent of operating profit each year. Last year's invested capital equaled $75 million. Using the preceding data, forecast five years of NOPLAT and five years of invested capital. What is the ROIC on year-end capital by year? Do not capitalize R&D.