1. What strategy can be used to problem solve with parents and children?
A-setting expectations
B-playing pretend
C- RERUN
D-changing negative messages to positive ones

2. Self- calming _________ and playing pretend are means children use to cope with their feelings.
A-behaviors
B-emotions
C-satisfaction
D-expression

3. Scaffolding is a term that is used in early childhood development. Which of the following is true about scaffolding?
A-The term relates to Vygotsky's notion of assisted performance
B-Vygotsky believed that only adults should assist performance
C-Adults should avoid scaffolding and let children solve problems on their own to increase their self esteem

4. Which of the following BEST describes social referencing?
A-It should always be avoided
B-It is a way adults can calm children fears or warn them of danger
C-It is a way of disempowering children and making them feel small
D-It is a filing system in some schools

5. How can adults help children cope with fears?
A-By liking up a brave, gentle, outgoing child with the one who is fearful
B-By telling them not to be afraid
C-By disregarding their feelings
D-By refusing to label the feeling

6. When children ae sad or angry why may some adults react strongly?
A-Because those adults are in-mature
B-Because a child may mirror a deep pain or anger inside the adult
C-Because those adults do not know any better
D- Because those adults haven't been trained well enough to always hide their feelings

7. What is the basis of the significance dimension of self-esteem?
A-The individual's academic ability
B-A feeling of being loved and cared about
C-How important the person is on the power dimension

8. Which of the following is true about self-esteem?
A-It is culturally based
B-It is same across all cultures
C-It only relates to children seeing themselves as individuals
D-It is not as important as the self-image of the child

9. What develops when a child is given a realistic appraisal of pluses and minuses and the child decides that he/she has more positive attributes that negative ones
A-High self-image
B-High self-actualization
C-High self- concept
D-High self-esteem

10. Where is the first place a child learns to react to a feeling?
A-At school with the teacher
B-At home with family members
C-At school with peers
D-At home on the television

11. Children need more honest feedback and encouragement. Constant overblown_____is no cure for low self esteem
A-dimension
B-feedback
C-happiness
D-praise

12. All the following are examples of ways of expressing feelings that are acceptable to some adults and not to others EXCEPT
A-yelling and screaming
B-stating negative wishes or imagining violent happenings
C-taking out anger symbolically such as pounding pillows
D-name calling and using obscenities

13. Self- perception must relate ______ to contribute to self-esteem
A-dimensions
B-reality
C-happiness
D-praise

14. A family that focuses on interdependence does which of the following?
A-regards connections to the group as very important
B-teaches children to put themselves first
C-emphasizes early self- help skills
D-stresses individuality

15. Which of the following is not suggested to promote self-esteem in young children?
A-Give children opportunities to experience success
B-Allow children to experience failure sometimes as a means of feedback
C-Praise everything children do even if you do not mean it

16. A kindergarten teacher said, "I see how angry you are," It really makes you mad when she grabs your doll" Which of the following did the teacher demonstrate?
A-Redirecting the energy and helping the child get it out
B-Accepting the labeling the feeling
C-Calming the energy soothing the chaos
D-Teaching problem solving

17. What is failure?
A-It is a good feedback device
B-It is always to be avoided because a harms self-esteem
C-It is something adults should protect children from
D-It is something that gives the child a negative self- image

18. Which of the following BEST describes Susan Issacs's advice to parents about teaching children healthy expression of feelings?
A-It believes that determination, obstinacy, and outbursts of temper are normal, and it takes patience to socialize children
B-It is outdated today
C-Children do not need patience, they need a strong hand to make them obedient
D-Parents need to display when they are upset with a child for the child to understand how feelings can be hurt

19. Training children in ______ and helping them visualize themselves feeling brave in situations that scare them is an approach to help children cope with fears
A-behaviors
B-emotions
C-relaxation
D-expression

20. Which of the following is a way adults can help children deal with fears?
A-Ignore them and wait for the fear to go away
B-Force them to confront whatever they are afraid of no matter how unwilling they are
C-Help them play out their fears
D-Do not take their fears seriously

21. What do the two Rs in the RERUN process stand for?
A-Responsible and responsive
B-Respect and responsibility
C-Reflect and reason
D-Responsibility and reaction

22. What language is being used when your body and hands are positioned in a certain manner?
A-Defensive language
B-Closed language
C-Body language
D-Open language

23. Toilet training can be used as an example of what?
A-Ignorance on the part of parents who train early
B-The superior training of the teacher who understands "readiness" issues
C-Two different perspectives that may be cultural
D-A power struggle between the parent and the child

24. When a child attends an early care or education program they may take on another culture this can be described as?
A-Bilingual
B-Biracial
C-Bicultural
D-Bivalues

25. In the story about Carla and Cody, characteristics of parents who abuse their children include which of the following?
A-Being of a low-income level
B-Being isolated and having unrealistic expectations of their children
C-Lacking love for their children
D-Having a shy personality

26. When disciplining, it is vital to look at your goals and
A-approach
B-environment
C-feedback
D-motives

27. When working with a family member using the RERUN strategy, a teacher tries to see the situation from both points of view and can explore it clearly without defensiveness or judgements. Then, the teacher is ready to see if they and the other person can find common ground. Which part for the RERUN strategy is the teacher implementing?
A-Understand
B-Explain
C-Negotiate
D-Reflect

28. When does a child begin his or her cultural learning?
A-At birth
B-As he or she begins to speak
C-At school
D-As he or she begins socializing with peers

29. Which of the following BEST exemplifies physical punishment (spanking)?
A-It is legal in child care programs
B-It is likely to make the child fearful or angry or cause resentment
C-It is the best approach to changing undesirable behavior
D-It is likely to enhance the "teachable moment"

30. Which of the following described pattern 1?
A-Generalizing about cultures create stereotypes?
B-Everybody in a given culture is alike
C-The group is seen as more important than the individual
D-People are valued as unique individuals starting at birth

31. Which of the following is true of the consequences approach to discipline?
A-It should be implemented across all cultures
B-It involves choices
C-It is the same as punishment
D-It involves negative consequences

32. What is the difference between a dialogue and an argument?
A-The arguer tells and the dialoguer asks.
B-The arguer tries to persuade and the dialoguer seeks to learn
C-The arguer tries to convince and the dialoguer wants to discover
D-All of the above are correct

33. One problem with _____ is the negativity that accompanies it, when the adult uses it to get even with the child
A-approach
B-environment
C-feedback
D-punishment

34. When is it appropriate to ignore a child's behavior?
A-When it is used as an attention getting behavior
B-When the teacher is busy
C-When the other children are busy
D-When the parent is in the room

35. Which of the following BEST describes discipline?
A-It is the time same as guidance
B-It must be harsh to work
C-It works all the time with every child if you find the right method
D-It is to be avoided

36. All of the following are suggestions that follow for working on cross-cultural communication as inspired by Louise Derman-Sparks EXCEPT
A-build relationships
B-know others
C-work to bring differences out in the open
D-problem solve

37. Working to build a _____ is an important means of communicating across cultural differences
A-development
B-dialog
C-relationship
D-family

38. Guidelines for disciplining young children include which of the following?
A-Building good relationships
B-Staying out of relationships with them
C-Telling them what to do, but not telling them why
D-Punish consistently

39. Much of unacceptable behavior needs to be
A-ignored
B-negatively reinforced
C-punished
D-redirected

40. During dialogue if you position your body with your hands across your chest and stand rigid it may show the other person that you are
A-defensive
B-closed
C-open
D-not listening