1. What is the most appropriate strategy for a leader when there is a decision that involves a conflict among the interests of different stakeholders?
a. help the weaker party get what it needs
b. suggest an equal division of the benefits
c. help the parties find an integrative solution
d. play the stakeholders off against each other
2. Which of condition is most likely to encourage ethical behavior in organizations?
a. strong emphasis on individual productivity
b. cultural values for obedience to authority
c. intense competition for valued rewards
d. cultural values for individual responsibility
3. Which was recommended as a guideline for managing diversity in organizations?
a. disseminate evidence to support popular stereotypes
b. insist on tolerance of any differences in cultural values
c. defend the right of people to choose their own team members
d. explain the benefits of diversity for the team or organization
4. Which is not a major obstacle in evaluating ethical leadership for individual leaders?
a. lack of interest in ethical leadership among scholars
b. difficulty in determining if the ends justifies the means
c. cultural differences in standards of ethical behavior
d. the subjectivity inherent in the selection of criteria
5. Which conclusion about trends in leadership research over the last decade is not correct?
a. there is more research on cross-cultural differences in leadership
b. there is more research on the contingency theories of leadership
c. more of the research has included variables from the different approaches
d. a greater variety of research methods have been used to study leadership
6. What research method is used most often to study leadership effectiveness?
a. survey field studies
b. laboratory experiments
c. field experiments
d. intensive case studies
7. Effective leaders are most likely to:
a. make important task decisions by themselves
b. make decisions that will benefit powerful stakeholders
c. help to get agreement on objectives and strategies
d. emphasize individual rights over collective responsibility
8. Which of the following was not described as an essential theme for effective leadership?
a. strengthen the collective identity of followers
b. rely on followers to interpret events
c. promote social justice and morality
d. encourage and facilitate collective learning
9. Convergence of findings from different research approaches in leadership:
a. has been a prime concern of most leadership theorists
b. has been extensively validated by empirical research
c. is entirely a matter of speculation
d. is facilitated by an integrating conceptual framework
10. What is the best conclusion about the current state of leadership theory?
a. most of the theories are strongly supported by empirical research
b. most of the theories provide a good understanding of leadership processes
c. most of the theories have no practical relevance
d. most of the theories have not been adequately tested
11. Which type of research is least likely to be useful for increasing our understanding of leadership at this point in the development of the field?
a. comparative case studies
b. static survey studies
c. field experiments
d. longitudinal field studies
12. What is the best conclusion about the results from research on the trait, behavior, and power-influence research?
a. each approach is so unique that the findings cannot be compared
b. the findings from each approach are mostly speculative
c. the findings from different approaches show substantial convergence
d. the findings from different approaches are mostly inconsistent