1. What is the key element or otherwise referred to as the basic unit of police work in a problem-oriented policing approach?

A) Individual cases

B) Specific incidents

C) Calls for service

D) Identified problems

2. Which of the following is not one of the sources of engaging individual citizens in working with the police to make communities safer?

A) Citizen review boards

B) Volunteers in policing programs

C) Citizen patrols

D) Citizen police academies

3. According to the Community Policing Consortium, "________ management is the development of an overall strategy which will review the present state of the organization, envision the future state of the organization and devise the means of moving from one to another."

A) Transition

B) Transformation

C) Change

D) Evolutionary

4. Which of the following organizational change dynamics is associated with participatory management?

A) Decentralization of decision making

B) Empowerment of workers

C) Flat organization

D) All of these choices

5. In selecting strategies to implement community policing, making sure the strategies fit the ________ is most important

A) needs of the local government

B) needs of the police department and needs of the local government

C) needs of the police department

D) community's unique needs and resources

6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the problem-solving approach?

A) Recognizing problems and seeking their underlying causes

B) Identifying problems and making decisions about how best to deal with them.

C) Using a proactive approach

D) Reacting to incidents through problems identified

7. In the SARA problem-solving process, which step is often skipped?

A) Scanning

B) Assessment

C) Analysis

D) Response

8. Which of the following is a prerequisite to citizen engagement in community efforts with police toward safe communities?

A) A heterogeneous community

B) Social capital

C) Bowling alone mind-set

D) Local social capital

9. In the problem-solving approach, what is one method for identifying the relationship between offenders, victims and time/space?

A) Crime analysis triangle

B) The time/space continuum triangle

C) Problem analysis triangle (crime triangle)

D) Offender analysis triangle

10. ________ advocates a balanced approach to sentencing that involves offenders, victims, local communities and government to alleviate crime and violence and obtain peaceful communities.

A) Restorative justice

B) Retributive justice

C) Ecology of crime

D) Conciliatory justice

11. What is the ratio of public law enforcement officers to private security practitioners?

A) Two to one in favor of public law enforcement

B) Roughly even in number

C) Three to one in favor of private security

D) Two to one in favor of private security

12. In the SARA problem-solving process, which step refers to identifying problems and prioritizing them to select problems to address?

A) Scanning

B) Analysis

C) Assessment

D) Response

13. What is the most difficult aspect of undertaking a participative approach to management?

A) Lack of communication

B) Senior executives' difficulty with accepting the decisions of others.

C) For workers to accept the responsibility for participating in decision making

D) Poor union relations with management

14. According to Wilson and Keeling, what is the essence of the police role in maintaining order?

A) Formal control mechanisms of the community.

B) Social service agencies

C) Informal control mechanisms of the community itself

D) Government institutions

15. In the assessment step of the SARA problem-solving process, a survey or focus group is an example of what type of assessment data?

A) Estimation

B) Quantitative

C) Appraisal

D) Qualitative

16. Which of the following refers to networks tying individuals to broader community institutions such as schools, civic organizations, churches and the like as well as networks linking individuals to various levels of government?

A) Social capital

B) Community Action Support Teams

C) Public social capital

D) Local social capital

17. Which of the following is a police agency that adopts a problem-oriented policing approach seeking to achieve in addressing substantive community problems?

A) Efficiency

B) Competence

C) Capacity

D) Effectiveness

18. Which of the following is critical to the success of strategic planning in a police agency?

A) The plan must be tied to the budget

B) The plan must be a budget document

C) The plan must have no effect on the current budget (be cost-neutral).

D) The plan must have no connection to budgeting since that is another plan.

19. ________ theory provides that for everyone to receive justice, each person must relinquish some freedom.

A) Social contract

B) Broken windows

C) Bowling alone

D) Ecology of crime

20. Within the problem-oriented policing approach, what is the definition of a problem?

A) A cluster of incidents, however unrelated, in a specific geographic area

B) A cluster of related, however infrequent, incidents in a specific geographic area

C) A community concern, however unrelated, to a specific area, time or frequency.

D) A cluster of similar, related or recurring incidents, rather than a single incident or a substantive community concern