1. What is one method by which you could insert DNA from one cell into another cell?
Hint 1. Conjugation
Conjugation does allow for the transfer of genetic material, but it is difficult to control in a laboratory and will not work for eukaryotic cells.

• reverse transcriptase
• conjugation
• restriction enzymes
• electroporation

2. Which of the following is NOT a vector?
Hint 1. Vector Definition
A vector is a piece of genetic material generated in the laboratory that will transfer specific genes into a cell.

• protoplast fusion
• transposons
• viruses
• plasmids

3. Which of the following methods uses DNA probes?
Hint 1. Utility of DNA Probes
DNA probes can be used to view complementary strands of DNA that have been immobilized on a gel.

• electroporation
• Southern blot
• digestion with restriction enzymes
• radioactivity

4. The natural role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is to

• allow transposons to move to another place in the chromosome.
• provide the cell with new phenotypes, such as antibiotic resistance.
• allow cells to accept foreign DNA.
• make conjugation more efficient.
• protect the cell from invading phages.

5. Sticky-end fragments generated by EcoRI will hydrogen bond to any other sticky-end sequence.

• True
• False

6. Synthesis of cDNA requires the use of

• reverse transcriptase.
• agarose.
• fluorescent synthetic nucleotides.
• DNA ligase.
• restriction enzymes.

7. What is the temperature used for the extension step?

• 72 °C
• 94 °C
• 60 °C

8. How do the strands separate during PCR?

• The DNA polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two strands.
• The cycling of the temperatures breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two strands.
• The high heat of the denaturation step breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two strands.
• The primers separate the strands during the annealing step.

9. What is a thermocycler?

• The machine that controls the heat of the reaction, cycling between the different temperatures of the different steps during PCR
• The special DNA polymerase, used in a PCR reaction, that can tolerate the high temperatures
• The name for the DNA primers used in a PCR reaction
• The process of cycling through the different temperatures of a PCR reaction 30 times

10. What is the sequence of the temperatures of a typical PCR reaction?

• 72 °C, 60 °C, 94 °C
• 60 °C, 72 °C, 94 °C
• 72 °C, 94 °C, 60 °C
• 94 °C, 60 °C, 72 °C
• 94 °C, 72 °C, 60 °C

11. If you used a broken thermocycler that could not heat above 75°C, which of the following problems could you expect?

• You would get more amplification than with a "normal" thermocycler.
• You would get the same amount of amplification as with a "normal" thermocycler.
• You would get some significant amplification, but less than if you used a "normal" thermocycler.
• You would not get any amplification of DNA.

12. Which of the following provides the specificity of the PCR reaction?

• Taq polymerase
• primers
• separated DNA strands
• heating to 94°C

13. A new arrow labeled "lengthens" could be added between __________.

• "target DNA" → "DNA strands"
• "target DNA" → "primers"
• "primers" → "DNA strands"
• "Taq polymerase" → "primers"

14. Subunit vaccines are safer than traditional vaccines because they

• are acellular and can be administered in food.
• do not pose a risk for causing the disease.
• are acellular.
• are administered in food.
• are acellular and do not pose a risk for causing the disease.

15. Transgenic organisms

• have genomes that have been sequenced completely.
• contain genetically engineered microbes.
• contain cells from other organisms.
• contain genes from other organisms.
• are the same as clones.

16. DNA encoding a normal gene is inserted into cells from a patient with a defective form of the gene. Recombinant cells are identified and isolated, and returned to the patient's body. This is an example of

• genetic fingerprinting.
• gene therapy.
• genomics.
• genotyping.
• biotechnology.

17. A researcher mistakenly uses a heat-sensitive version of DNA polymerase in a PCR. Which of the following will occur?

• The PCR will proceed normally.
• The PCR will proceed normally, but an extremely large number of mistakes will occur.
• The PCR will not be able to stop.
• The PCR will stop after one cycle.

18. Which of the following enzymes can make specific cuts in DNA molecules?

• DNA polymerase
• DNA ligase
• restriction enzymes
• reverse transcriptase

19. Which of the following is NOT a reason why human proteins can be synthesized in bacteria or yeast through genetic engineering?

• Large quantities of the protein can be made easily.
• There is no risk of accidentally transferring pathogens.
• The protein produced by microbes works better than the original protein.
• This approach is usually less expensive than traditional methods.

20. A northern blot differs from a Southern blot in the

• type of probe used.
• presence or absence of a nitrocellulose membrane.
• type of nucleic acid being isolated.
• number of genetic sequences detected.
• size of the genetic sequences involved

21. Which method of inserting DNA into cells is illustrated in this figure?

• electroporation
• protoplast fusion
• injection
• transduction
• a gene gun

22. If all the following DNA fragments were analyzed on an electrophoresis gel, which one would migrate farthest from the negative electrode?

• 5000 base pairs
• 750 base pairs
• 1000 base pairs
• 250 base pairs
• 2500 base pairs

23. Which of the following procedures would be used to introduce DNA into a single mouse cell?

• Southern blotting
• electroporation
• gene gun
• microinjection
• protoplast fusion

24. In Southern blotting, DNA molecules are immobilized on

• paper.
• agarose.
• silicon chips.
• gold beads.
• nitrocellulose membranes

25. DNA fingerprinting produces a unique banding pattern of DNA fragments for comparison with other DNA samples.

• True
• False

26. Two men may be the father of a child. This figure shows the results of a DNA fingerprint analysis to determine paternity. M is the mother, C is the child, A and B are the two men. What is the best interpretation of these results?

• The man identified as A is probably the father.
• Either man could be this child's father.
• The man identified as B is probably the father.
• Neither man is this child's father.
• Paternity cannot be determined from this data.

27. Which of the following microbes has been genetically engineered to contain a protein that helps protect crops from freezing?

• Bacillus thuringiensis
• Salmonella
• Pseudomonas
• Escherichia coli
• Deinococcus radiodurans

28. ________ are used in the detection of DNA by FISH.

• Restriction fragments
• Compressed air and gold beads
• Reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase
• DNA polymerase and DNA ligase
• Synthetic DNAs and fluorescent tags

29. Which of the following is generally NOT considered an ethical issue regarding recombinant DNA technology?

• unforeseen impact on the environment
• answering basic research questions
• the modification of crop plants
• the modification of animals to produce pharmaceuticals for humans
• screening of humans for genes that predispose them to disease