1). What determines the genetic sex of an individual?

2). What sexual characteristics are encoded for on the sex chromosomes?

3). Which sex chromosome is dominant in both sexes?

4). What are bipotential sex organs?

5). How do male or female external genetalia arise from the bipotential sex organs?

6). What is the ultimate outcome of SRY protein synthesis?

7). What do the testes secrete that influences development?

8). What happens developmentally if the SRY gene product is not present?

9). How do the male and female gametes differ?

10). How does gametogenesis occur in males?

11). How does gametogenesis occur in females?

12). Where are sex hormones released and what controls their release?

13). What is the effect of pituitary GnRH on the gonads?

14). How is GnRH temporally released?

15). What are the short-loop and long-loop feedback mechanisms in place for GnRH release?

16). How does estrogen regulation manifest?

17). What factors can effect reproductive hormone cycles?

18). How are the testes designed and why are they located in the scrotum?

19). How do sperm develop?

20). How is sperm production hormonally regulated?

21). What accessory glands contribute to sperm and what do they contribute?

22). What primary and secondary male sex characteristics are mediated by androgens?

23). What are the important anatomical features of the uterus and fallopian tubes?

24). How are the ovaries designed and what do they contain?

25). What comprises the ovarian cycle?

26). What comprises the uterine cycle?

27). What hormonal events occur in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

28). What hormonal events occur in the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

29). What triggers ovulation and what events characterize ovulation?

30). What are the hormonal events of the early/middle luteal phase?

31). What stimulates the progression of the late luteal phase into menstruation?

32). What primary and secondary female sex characteristics are mediated by estrogen?

33). What are the four phases of the human sexual response and what are their physiological signs?

34). How is penile erection initiated and maintained?

35). How does ejaculation occur?

36). What are the five most common contraceptives in use today?

37). How is infertility defined and what can be the causes of infertility?

38). When and how does fertilization occur?

39). How is polyspermy prevented?

40). When does implantation occur and how does it occur?

41). What are the endocrine functions of the placenta?

42). How is labor induced, maintained and amplified?

43). How does lactation arise and occur?

44). What occurs hormonally during puberty?

45). What occurs hormonally during menopause?