1. Typically, ________ rather than _________ make more effective decisions.

children; adults

individuals; groups

groups; individuals

men; women

2. If the members of your group were trying to decide on a course of action and experienced the risky shift phenomenon, what would be occurring?

group members would have agreed to shift responsibilities within the group among members

decisions selected by the group would generally be towards the action which pose the greatest risk

risk-takers within the group would shift to being more conservative, and vice-versa

the group consensus would shift over time from more risky actions to more cautious actions.

3. A(n) __________ may be as simple as two group members being physically near one another or as complex as two members being in competition.

internal barrier

external barrier

triggering event

indirect aggression

4. ____________ is one or more group member assigned the role of challenging the testimony of all those who support the majority opinion.

outside expert

impartial leadership

Devil's advocate

nonconforming entity

5. In discussion among group members, Lee tries to maintain good relationships and to maximize joint benefits. How would you characterize Lee's interaction?

as integrative negotiations

as mutual responsiveness

as psychological reactance

as distributive negotiations

6. Decisions are by their very nature ___________.

individualistic

deliberate discourse

debatable

controversial

7. According to Thomas and Schmidt (1976), managers spend what amount of their time dealing directly with conflicts?

10 to 15 percent

50 to 60 percent

40 to 50 percent

20 to 25 percent

8. All of the following can be the basis for conflicts except:

difference in wants, needs, goals, and values

scarcities of certain resources

rivalry

negotiating

9. Without _________, group decisions may always be less than optimal.

attraction

competence

controversy

rebuttal

10. What are superordinate goals?

conflict over basic values occurring among individuals from different cultures

goals that cannot be easily ignored by members of two antagonistic groups but whose attainment is beyond the resources and efforts of either group alone.

seeing the motivation for the behavior of members of other groups in terms of personality factors rather than the dynamics of inter-group conflict

seeing every action of members of other groups as a move to dominate, create an advantage, or win.