1. The Venus of Willendorfwas a sculpture of a
A. female fertility figure.
B. Buddha.
C. goddess.
D. shaman.

2. Why is the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., said to be the most moving war memorial ever built?
A. It's a work of art that has the power to touch the emotions of the spectator.
B. It was designed by a young female architecture student and not a government committee.
C. It's highly abstract and unlike the realistic memorials that one sees in parks and town greens around the United States.
D. It's located not far from Frederick Hart's bronze Statue for Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

3. In which of the following paintings is the technique of sfumatolighting used?
A. Bonaventura's Saint Francis Preaching to the Birds
B. Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa
C. Manet'sLe Déjeuner sur l'herbe
D. Watteau's Return from Cythera

4. Which of the following is a component of every great work of art?
A. An original vision of the world
B. A realistic presentation of factual material
C. Brushstrokes that clearly define spatial limits
D. Images that are recognized as beautiful

5. Outside of Western culture, the _______ saw art as priceless during the Middle Ages.
A. Japanese
B. sub-Saharan Africans
C. Russians
D. Chinese

6. _______ creates movement in a piece.
A. Mass
B. Space
C. Light
D. Line

7. The Italian term sprezzaturarefers to
A. strong angles with harsh colors.
B. soft light.
C. aloofness and aristocratic refinement and calm.
D. neutral color.

8. What significant compositional feature do Bramante's Tempiettoand a Buddhist mandala have in common?
A. Vanishing-point perspective unifies both.
B. Both are ordered around a central point.
C. They're both good example of artworks with figure-ground ambiguity.
D. Both feature rectilinear formal elements.

9. Representations of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa appear in several twentieth-century artworks, including
A. Willem de Kooning'sWoman and Bicycle.
B. Saar's The Liberation of Aunt Jemima.
C. Kahlo's The Little Deer.
D. Duchamp's L.H.O.O.Q.

10. Which of the following twentieth-century artists believed in a philosophy of art that stressed expressiveness, used colors to communicate emotion, and maintained that art should hint rather than be dogmatic?
A. Georgia O'Keeffe
B. Andy Warhol
C. Willem de Kooning
D. Jean Baptiste Camille Corot

11. Brunelleschi's experiments with a mirror and a painted copy of a mirror image of the Florence baptistery led to his discovery of
A. the rule of divergence in perception.
B. a means of creating the illusion of the third dimension.
C. the principle of optic inversion.
D. multiple-viewpoint perspective.

12. Classical Greek artworks are not usually regarded as expressions of
A. athletic strength and physical beauty.
B. realism balanced with idealism.
C. a balance of surrealism and rationalism.
D. monumental vigor and spiritual growth.

13. The unique quality of folk art is that it's
A. an artist's quick impression of a subject.
B. more primitive than any other art form.
C. an expression of the artist's experience.
D. created by an untrained artist.

14. The new method of organizing space developed by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso is called
A. Minimalism.
B. Impressionism.
C. Cubism.
D. Expressionism.

15. What was one of the techniques Leonardo used to create the illusion that the Mona Lisa was a real person?
A. His commitment to precise reality made the figure look real.
B. By not lining up the background on either side, he generated movement in her shoulders.
C. He used loose, expressive brushstrokes to enliven the figure.
D. He used chiaroscuro to add volume and depth to her body and light to her eyes.

16. George Caleb Bingham's Raftsmen Playing Cards is an example of _______ perspective.
A. one-point
B. atmospheric
C. radial
D. foreshortening

17. The main reason an artist creates a piece of art is for
A. monetary rewards.
B. expression of magical thinking.
C. making political statements.
D. self-expression.

18. What is the connection between religion and art?
A. Shamans and priests were the first artists.
B. People believe that art awakens their senses.
C. People express their beliefs in physical forms, such as statues and paintings.
D. Early civilizations recognized the power of art to touch human emotions.

19. Works of art that can be viewed from all sides and have height, width, and depth are
A. abstract.
B. arbitrary.
End of exam
C. three-dimensional.
D. two-dimensional.

20. An artist can direct the viewer's attention to a particular area of a painting by using
A. sympathy of form and color.
B. parallel lines that follow the horizon.
C. crossed lines that converge on one location.
D. a sense of rhythm and movement.