1. The term quantum mechanics refers to the study of

A. cosmology.

B. astronomy.

C. molecular chemistry.

D. subatomic particles.

2. The Marshall Plan offered assistance

A. in creating a military alliance against the Soviet Union.

B. that helped split the countries of the Soviet bloc.

C. for the recovery of Western Europe.

D. aimed at creating nuclear capabilities in Britain and France.

3. Most of those who fear globalization worry that it will lead to

A. a plural world.

B. cultural diversity.

C. Americanization.

D. a new Europeanization of the globe.

4. For the English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, social institutions should be evaluated on the basis of their

A. imposing minimal intrusions into citizens' lives.

B. ability to provide services at the lowest cost.

C. concern for the rights of the individual over social utility.

D. success in providing the greatest good to the greatest number.

5. An important social development in 1870s Japan was the

A. refusal of the gentry to hold civil-service positions.

B. abolition of the military draft.

C. abolition of samurai privileges.

D. rise of the warrior caste.

6. A primary cause for the development of time standards for the entire globe was

A. the railroads.

B. European imperial domination.

C. the telegraph.

D. a desire for uniformity.

7. The Helsinki Agreement of 1975 pledged its signers to recognize

A. democracy as the best political ideology.

B. the need for nuclear disarmament.

C. a respect for human rights.

D. capitalism as the best economic system.

8. The single event that was most critical in encouraging regimentation and collectivism in Western countries was

A. World War II.

B. the First World War.

C. the Russian Revolution.

D. the Great Depression.

9. According to the work of anthropologist Franz Boas,

A. some societies and peoples are more evolved than others.

B. the concept of cultural relativism is wrong.

C. people of different cultures think differently due to their diet.

D. no race is superior to any other in brain power.

10. Freud's Oedipus complex refers to his belief that

A. all male children wish to supplant their fathers.

B. few children go through all the stages of psychological development.

C. all children desire to take their parents' places.

D. everyone is conscious of his or her inner motivations.

11. Mao Zedong's successor in China, Deng Xiaoping, began a series of reforms by urging his countrymen to

A. work for a more open and democratic government.

B. collectivize agriculture.

C. get rich.

D. continue the policies of the Cultural Revolution.

12. The Crimean War was fought by

A. the Ottomans against Russia and Britain.

B. Britain against the Ottomans and the French.

C. Russia against the Ottomans, British, and French.

D. France and Russia against the Ottomans.

13. Many of Henri Bergson's followers were made hopeful by his writings because he argued that

A. truth isn't that which is real, but that which we choose to believe.

B. we should accept our existence as the only possible foundation for our life choices.

C. we retain the freedom to create a future that differs from the one predicted by scientists.

D. God doesn't exist and everything is permissible.

14. One of the consequences of rapid urbanization and the creation of enormous cities has been

A. a decrease in the number of manufacturing jobs.

B. a drop in literacy rates.

C. the creation of gangs and criminal organizations.

D. a rise in living standards for the poor.

15. The Suez Canal, built in 1869 largely by French engineers and French capital, was significant because it

A. connected the Mediterranean with the Persian Gulf.

B. connected the Nile with the Red Sea.

C. gave Egypt an agricultural advantage by putting hundreds of thousands of new acres under cultivation.

D. reduced travel time from Europe to India from months to weeks.

16. Hydroelectric power requires

A. a large river that can be dammed.

B. significant amounts of sunlight.

C. public enthusiasm.

D. large open spaces with high winds.

17. Quinine was essential for the expansion of imperial powers because of its

A. value for flavoring and preserving food.

B. value as a base for cosmetics.

C. usefulness in fighting malaria.

D. role as a military weapon.

18. Which of the following diseases was virtually eradicated through inoculation?

A. Tuberculosis

B. Measles

C. Plague

D. Smallpox

19. The purpose of Commodore Perry's mission to Japan in 1853 was to

A. create an American colony in Japan.

B. explore and map the Japanese homeland.

C. persuade the Japanese to open their ports to trade.

D. bring the message of Christianity into Japan.

20. The British argued that the banning of the opium trade by Chinese authorities in 1839 was wrong because it violated

A. Britain's right to do whatever it wanted.

B. freedom of commerce.

C. basic human decency.

D. the rights of individual Chinese to do as they pleased