1. The State of New Jersey claims ownership over approximately half of Ellis Island, which lies midway between New Jersey and New York. The State of New York claims ownership of the entire island. Which of the following courts may hear and decide the dispute?

U.S. Court of Appeals

U.S. District Court of New York

U. S. District Court of New Jersey

U.S. Supreme Court

2. Substantive due process refers to a prohibition against:

Unreasonable laws

Unreasonable procedures

Unreasonable (unfair) results

Overly harsh results

3. Hypothetical based on similar situation: A non-profit organization, the Islamic Center of Southburg (ICS), wanted to buy property near the town's college campus to build a community center. Interestingly, two other organizations, the Cornerstone Ministry (Christian) and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormon) were thinking about doing the same thing. The Southburg City Council refused to give a building permit to ICS because of "the likelihood of terrorism." The City Council gave building permits to the other organizations. If the ICS decides to file suit against Southburg, which of the following could be a basis for their lawsuit?

Violation of the Equal Protection Clause

Violation of the Supremacy Clause

Violation of the Fourth Amendment

Violation of the Commerce Clause