1. The phenomenon of magnification of demand variability, as we move from the customer to the producer in the supply-chain, is referred to as the:

a. Postponement effect

b. Elasticity of demand

c. Bullwhip effect

d. Price deflator

e. Just-in-time approach

2. What factors do companies need to consider when sourcing product?

a. Material costs

b. Transportation cost

c. Production costs

d. Outsourcing costs

e. All of the above