1. The most important benefit tax-exempt hospitals provide to governments is absorbing the unreimbursed costs from Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP.

True

False

2. Tax-exempt hospitals may not establish discriminatory pricing for health care.

True

False

3. Chargemaster is a system hospitals use to bill a patients expenses to credit cards.

True

False

4. Half of the revenue of most tax-exempt hospitals comes from government-assistance programs at levels that do not cover the actual costs incurred by the hospitals.

True

False

5. Nonprofit health care systems are often chartered as public benefits corporations to carry-out benefits for the public and receive federal tax-exempt status. They run ____.

a. under special rules differing significantly from for-profits

b. almost identically to for-profits

c. with losses that must be made up from contributions

d. under strict expense rules that limit such things as executive compensation

6. ____ is the most important determinate of access to affordable health care.

a. Employment

b. Health insurance

c. Established relationship with a physician

d. Proximity to a hospital or clinic

7. Employer-sponsored insurance ____ percent of the population in 2007.

a. increased to thirty-nine

b. increased to sixty-eight

c. decreased to twenty-three

d. decreased to fifty-four

8. It simply costs less to provide ____ than it costs to provide delayed acute care, as every other developed economy in the world has long ago discovered.

a. larger emergency rooms to handle routine examinations

b. extensive health care education

c. regular, basic preventative health care

d. physician house calls

9. Physicians frequently prescribe cancer drugs for unapproved or off-label uses outside of the narrowly defined indications. This right to off-label use of cancer drugs is based on the doctrine of ____, under which patients can choose experimental medical treatments if given sufficient information to understand the consequences, risks and benefits and alternatives to such chosen treatments.

a. informed consent

b. charitable uses

c. sovereign immunity

d. research anonymity

1. The FDA can grant accelerated drug approval based on limited but promising data. Proponents of access maintain the FDA should use fast track regulations to give terminally ill patients the right to choose life-saving treatments ____.

a. at no cost to the patients or third-party payers

b. with the proviso that the patients must waive all rights to sue with respect to the drug or drugs used

c. as a means of more fully testing the drugs

d. while more lengthy trials are undertaken

11. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that state claims are pre-empted by ERISA; as a result, if insurers negligently deny or delay a patient’s treatment, ____.

a. the patient must joint all his providers as parties in any suit for injuries

b. the patient cannot sue the insurer for injuries

c. the patient must sue the insurance insurers in Federal court

d. the patient must submit his claim for injuries to a ERISA administrative judge

12. Medical providers are ____ contracts between insurers and patients.

a. not involved in

b. required to waive any potential interest in

c. unintended third-party beneficiaries of

d. intended third-party beneficiaries of

13. There is a ____ when the same party administering a health insurance plan and paying claims out of its own pocket also stands to profit by denying patient claims.

a. breach of ethics

b. more efficient use of administrative resources

c. potential conflict-of-interest

d. mandatory question of accounting

14. Medical malpractice is of ____ consequence to the total cost of health care.

a. little

b. decreasingly significant

c. increasingly significant

d. great

15. ____ are (is) a more troubling problem for the U.S. health care system than frivolous lawsuits.

a. Fraud

b. Rapidly rising provider costs

c. Preventable injuries

d. Lack of interconnected information systems

16. Courts generally use the “but for” test to determine the existence of professional negligence. Courts use the substantial factor test when the “but for” test might allow each individual health care provider to escape responsibility because ____.

a. the provider carried malpractice insurance

b.there was insufficient evidence to show any liability on the provider

c.  there was substantially no indication of intent on the part of the provider

d. the conduct of one or more of the others would have been sufficient to produce the same result.

17. Enterprise liability combined with performance improvement at the enterprise level resulted in a ____ in mortality rates from anesthesia accidents.

a. three- to six-fold increase

b. ten- to twenty-fold reduction

c. two- to three-fold reduction

d. negligible reduction

18. The greatest improvements in patient safety today come from greater attention to the ____ by which health care is delivered.

a. processes

b. economics

c. information systems determining the methods

d. health care professionals

19. Exclusive enterprise liability where hospitals employ and insure their attending physicians are advantageous because ____.

a. the hospital is better situated to defend against malpractice suits than individual physicians

b. Medicare encourages such arrangements

c. physicians can discuss errors and near misses more freely in a blame-free culture

d. medical malpractice rate can be negotiated by the enterprise with greater bargaining power than individual physicians

20. In the context of malpractice insurance hospitals or MCOs, unlike individual physicians, can be ____.

a. severed from many malpractice claims

b. experience rated

c. subject to virtually unlimited liability

d. defended, in many instances, under the doctrine of charitable immunity