1) The most critical factor in controlling human population growth is

controlling reproductive lifespan.
decreasing the age of first birth.
decreasing the average number of births per woman.
decreasing infant death.
increasing overall wellness for the human race.

2) The total fertility rate (TFR) is an estimate of

the number of children that will survive to adulthood.
the number of years a typical infant will live.
the number of children each woman in a population will have.
the number of births per 1000 people per year.
the percentage of women in a population that are able to have children.

3) Which factor would NOT influence the size a population reaches over time?

Immigration and emigration
Number of deaths
Age of females at reproduction
Distance traveled by migrants
Number of births

4) To determine the number of individuals that will be added to a population in a specified time, we multiply the growth rate (r) by the

biotic potential.
original population size.
environmental resistance.
final population size.
number of immigrants

5) Under which of the following conditions would a population grow?

The birth rate and the death rate are equal.
The birth rate exceeds the death rate and there is no immigration or emigration.
Emigration exceeds immigration and the birth rate equals the death rate.
The birth rate equals the death rate and immigration is equal to emigration.
The carrying capacity is exceeded.

6) A population's growth rate depends upon

the age at which it first reproduces.
the average number of offspring produced.
the reproductive lifespan.
the post reproductive lifespan.
All of the above

7) Developing countries tend to have a(n) ____ age structure diagram.

rectangular-shaped
inverted triangle
pyramid-shaped
square
round

8) If a population's age structure diagram looks like a pyramid, the population

is expanding.
is shrinking.
is remaining the same.
will expand for at least a generation.
is showing continuous exponential growth.

9) Population growth rates are high in developing countries because

infant mortality rates are low.
women tend to have children late in life.
family planning is common.
children are often an important economic advantage.
All of the above

10) If women delay childbearing,

the growth rate will increase.
the growth rate will decrease.
the growth rate will stay the same.
the immigration rate will increase.
the emigration rate will increase.

11) The population of the United States continues to grow as a result of

immigration.
babies born to baby-boom generation parents.
the birth rate being above replacement level fertility during the 1940s through the 1960s.
population momentum.
All of the above

12) At present, Earth's human population is

stable.
declining.
increasing exponentially.
increasing at a constant rate.
increasing at about 10% per year.

13) U.S. citizens have a large ecological footprint because of their high consumption of

food.
lumber.
energy resources.
space.
All of the above

14) A country's impact on the environment is influenced by
I. population.
II. technology.
III. affluence.

I
II
I and III
II and III
I, II, and III

15) More than half of the total ecological footprint of the United States comes from

use of fossil fuels.
water use in the Western United States.
urban sprawl, which requires too much land area.
industrial agriculture techniques.
industrial production of goods from raw materials.

16) Key Idea: Analyze relationships among changes in population size, economic development, and resource consumption at global and local scales.
Urban populations represent approximately ____ % of the world population, but consume ____ % of the world's resources

10; 25
10; 50
25; 50
50; 50
50; 75

17) Malthus noted that human populations grow ____ while food supply grows ____.

linearly; exponentially
linearly; sigmoidally
exponentially; linearly
exponentially; logarithmically
logarithmically; exponentially

18) In general, what is the relationship between life expectancy, child mortality, and affluence (such as health care, sanitation, potable water, and food)?

Life expectancy and child mortality are generally inversely proportional to affluence.
Life expectancy is generally inversely proportional to affluence, while child mortality is directly proportional.
Life expectancy is generally directly proportional to affluence, while child mortality is inversely proportional.
Life expectancy and child mortality are generally directly proportional to affluence.
There is no general relationship among these three factors.

19) Which developed country has the lowest infant mortality rate?

Sweden
France
United States
Liberia
Bolivia

20) At one point, China had the highest fertility rates in the world. Now, with a rate of 1.6 births/woman, the population is expected to

double by 2040.
level off by 2040.
begin falling by 2040.
become more fertile, possibly increasing to as high as 2.5 births per woman.
become less fertile, possibly decreasing to zero population growth.

21) Historically, ____ has/have kept the world population out of food deficit.

slow population growth
exponential population growth
food surplus
innovations in agricultural practices
government assistance

22) Which factor is NOT considered when estimating world population?

CBR
CDR
Total fertility rates
Immigration
Existing population

23) Two populations of the same size have the same fertility and infant mortality rates. In population A, females begin having children at about age 16. In population B, they begin at about age 20. If we ignore immigration and emigration, which of the following should hold true?

Population A should grow more quickly due to four more years of possible child bearing.
Population B should grow more quickly because older mothers usually have healthier children.
Populations A and B should grow at about the same rate.
Population A should grow more quickly because younger mothers usually have healthier children.
There is not enough information to tell.

24) Worldwide, the largest density-dependent cause of death is

natural disaster.
malnutrition.
heart disease.
infectious disease.
car accidents.

25) Which of the following is NOT true of sustainable development?

It attempts to raise standards of living without increasing environmental impact.
It increases the ecological footprint of cities that implement sustainable programs.
It involves utilizing renewable energy, organic agriculture, and land preservation.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment project is a blue print for sustainable development.
It is threatened by increased population and the concomitant increase in resource consumption.