1. The lower-level analysis portion of the classical approach concerns the management function as a whole.

   a. true

   b. false

2. The classical approach to management was the product of the first concentrated effort to develop a body of management thought.

   a. true

   b. false

3. In order to successfully utilize contingency management concepts and tactics, managers must first consider the realities of the specific organizational circumstances they face.

   a. true

   b. false