1. The first step in a grievance procedure is:

a. for a labor law expert to hear both sides of the case and render a decision that both parties must obey.

b. for an employee to submit the grievance to binding arbitration.

c. for an aggrieved employee to discuss the contract violation with his or her immediate superior.

d. for an aggrieved employee to make an appeal to the highest level of authority.

2. Which of the following is a presumed benefit of hiring contingent workers?

a. Diversification

b. Groupthink

c. Flexibility

d. Synergy

3. Which of the following is the second step in the formation of a new local union?

a. Collecting employees’ signatures on authorization cards

b. Having the union sign up members and elect officers

c. Signing labor contracts

d. Undertaking collective bargaining over the first labor contract