1) The emerald is more expensive than the diamond, and the diamond is less expensive than the sapphire. Therefore, it necessarily follows that the emerald is more expensive than the sapphire.

a. Deductive, invalid.
b. Inductive, weak.
c. Deductive, valid.
d. Inductive, uncogent.
e. Inductive, strong.

2) In a random sample of 50 students, only 15 said that they regularly read a newspaper. Therefore, probably less than 50% of the student body regularly reads a newspaper.

a. Deductive, valid.
b. Deductive, invalid.
c. Inductive, strong.
d. Inductive, weak.
e. Inductive, uncogent.