1. The body is able to directly use the energy released from broken carbon-hydrogen bonds for body functions.
A) True
B) False
2. Which of the following molecule/paired with a carbon length is accurate?
A) glucose / 8 carbons
B) pyruvate / 3 carbons
C) acetyl CoA / 3 carbons
D) glycerol / 4 carbons
3. Once an ATP molecule releases a phosphate and becomes an ADP, it can no longer be used by the body and will be broken down and excreted.
A) True
B) False
Terminology
4. Gluconeogenesis is...
A) the production of energy from glucose.
B) the production of glucose from amino acids.
C) the production of glycogen from glucose.
D) the production of body fat from glucose.
5. Which of the following defines a coenzyme?
A) A unit consisting of an enzyme bound to reactants plus ATP
B) An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme
C) The small, active part of an enzyme that binds to the organic reactants
D) An inactive enzyme that becomes functional upon contact with specific cofactors
6. Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells?
A) digestion
B) catabolism
C) metabolism
D) absorption
Basic Processes of Energy Metabolism
7. Which of the following products is NOT generated via TCA cycle or electron transport chain?
A) water
B) energy
C) ammonia
D) carbon dioxide
8. When a fatty acid is oxidized in the cell it produces __________ which then enters the TCA Cycle.
A) acetyl CoA
B) pyruvate
C) ketones
D) carbon dioxide
E) oxaloacetate
9. Which of the following would be a source of energy during anaerobic metabolism?
A) amino acids
B) fatty acids
C) glucose
D) ketones
10. Which of the following is a possible fate of acetyl CoA?
A) Can combine with oxaloacetate.
B) Can produce ketones.
C) Can synthesize fatty acids.
D) A and B are true, but not C.
E) A, B, and C are all true.
11. Which of the following leads to the production of urea?
A) Oxidation of glucose
B) Degradation of amino acids
C) Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids
D) Synthesis of protein from amino acids
Economy of Feasting
12. Which of the following can be converted to body fat?
A) alcohol
B) carbohydrates
C) protein
D) fat
E) All of the above.
13. Oxaloacetate is
A) needed to keep the TCA cycle going.
B) a ketone used by the brain under starvation conditions.
C) the end product of glycolysis and can be converted to lactate.
D) an electron acceptor for the Electron Transport Chain.
E) None of the above are true
Economy of Fasting
14. Fatty acids are a source of glucose if you have not eaten for over 24 hours.
A) True
B) False
15. During a short term fast (.5 to 1 day) the major source of glucose for the brain is....
A) body fat
B) body protein
C) liver glycogen
D) linolenic acid
16. During a longer term fast (2+ days) the major source of glucose for the brain will be...
A) body fat
B) body protein
C) muscle glycogen
D) liver glycogen
General
17. The end products of metabolism of carbohydrates and fat are...
A) glucose, amino acids and fatty acids
B) urine, feces, and carbon dioxide
C) carbon dioxide, water and energy as ATP
D) glycogen, body protein, body fat
18. Energy metabolism in the body occurs...
A) only in liver cells.
B) only in muscles cells.
C) only in muscle and fat cells.
D) in every cell of the body.
Alcohol
19. Which of the following statements is FALSE about alcohol metabolism?
A) Women break down less alcohol in the stomach compared to men.
B) When ethanol (ie. alcohol) is oxidized in the cell, it produces acetyl CoA.
C) Alcohol is catabolized (broken down) by muscle and brain cells.
D) Alcohol has 2 carbons.
20. On average for adults, the liver can clear the blood of one average sized alcoholic drink every _______.
A) 10 minutes.
B) 30 minutes.
C) one hour.
D) two hours.
E) three hours.