1. The best way to reduce criminal offending is to:

A. Implement more restorative justice initiatives in prison
B. Implement correctional programs that follow the "RNR" model
C. Use punishing smarter strategies like electronic monitoring bracelets
D. Put more police on the streets in criminogenic neighbourhoods
E. Impose longer prison sentences regardless of the offender's risk level

2. Under what conditions might longer sentences actually reduce crime:

A. If prisons did not actually coddle prisoners
B. If prisoners were required to attend chaplaincy programs
C. If prison sentences were certain and swift
D. If prison sentences included elements of boot camps
E. If prison sentences included hard physical labour

3. All of the following could be examples of restorative justice initiatives, EXCEPT:

A. Victim assistance
B. Relapse Prevention
C. Offender/victim mediation
D. Restitution
E. Community Service

4. According to Dr. Brown, who is associated with the "Nothing Works" movement:

A. Martinson
B. Bonta
C. Wormith
D. Andrews
E. Gendreau

5. According to Dr. Gendreau, the Canadian School of Corrections supports:

A. Rehabilitation
B. Just deserts
C. Restoration
D. Retribution
E. Punishment

6. All of the following are examples of correctional quackery, EXCEPT:

A. Wilderness programs
B. Pet therapy
C. Horticulture therapy
D. Dog sledding
E. Cognitive behaviourism

7. Which one of the following is a non-criminogenic need?

A. Procriminal attitudes
B. Physical health
C. Antisocial personality
D. Criminal associates
E. Substance use

8. According to the textbook, cessation from crime is also known as:

A. Remission
B. Recidivism
C. Desistance
D. Success
E. Never happening

9. Dr. Brown evaluated Fred as high risk and Sam as low risk. Dr. Brown recommended 300 hours of correctional programming for Fred and 50 hours of correctional programming for Sam. Dr. Brown followed which principle?

A. Clinical judgement
B. Need
C. Risk
D. Responsivity
E. Professional over-ride

10. Dr. Smith assessed Sam as having severe substance abuse and severe social phobia. Dr. Smith recommends that Sam receive one-on-one cognitive behavioural treatment for his severe substance abuse problem. Which correctional principles is Dr. Smith following:

A. Professional over-ride and risk
B. Need and risk
C. Need and professional over-ride
D. Need and responsivity
E. Risk and responsivity

11. The most common youth sentence in Canada is:

A. Treatment order
B. Deferred custody and supervision order
C. Probation
D. Fine
E. Custody

12. The most common type of youth crime handled by Canadian courts is:

A. Mischief and vandalism
B. Sexual assault
C. Administration of justice
D. Homicide
E. Break and Enter

13. Dr. Nunes is a professor at Carleton. He is currently studying how risk factors associated with criminal conduct change with age in a cohort of 500 adolescents. Dr. Nunes has been interviewing his study participants every three years since the age of 10. Dr. Nunes most likely self-identities as what type of theorist:

A. Developmental life course
B. Biological life course
C. Psychodynamic life course
D. Evolutionary life course
E. Cognitive behavioural life course

14. A developmental life course researcher is investigating whether or not the presence of pro-social friends reduces recidivism in a sample of serious adolescent offenders. The researcher discovers that the number of pro-social friends is negatively correlated with recidivism (r = -.30). However, the number of pro-social friends seems to predict who will not recidivate to the same degree for all offenders regardless of risk level. Thus, for the 'low - risk' group the correlation between pro-social friends and recidivism is r = -.30; similarly for the 'high -
risk' group, the correlation between pro-social friends and recidivism is also r = -.30. Thus, based on this study the researcher can conclude that pro-social friends is a:

A. Non-criminogenic factor
B. Promotive factor
C. Specific responsivity factor
D. Protective factor
E. General responsivity factor

15. Fred started getting into trouble with the police around age 15. He started hanging around with a bad group of kids who liked to use drugs and break into people's houses. Fred's parents were stunned when the police brought Fred home one night for vandalism because Fred had always been a good student, and an obedient kid. What label would the developmental criminologist, Dr. Moffitt assign Fred?

A. Psychopathic offender
B. Conduct disordered offender
C. Incorrigible offender
D. Adolescent limited offender
E. Life course persistent offender

16. Lisa has always been very angry as a result of the extensive abuse she experienced at the hands of her father; she expresses her anger in many different ways. Sometimes she displays _____________________ behaviours (e.g., punching walls and throwing furniture); sometimes she displays _____________________ behaviours (e.g., self-harm).

A. Avoiding, approaching
B. Supressing, acting-out
C. Internalizing, externalizing
D. Externalizing, internalizing
E. Acting-out, suppressing

17. A local high school is considering offering an after-school homework club, but only for kids who have a parent in jail and have been identified as being at risk for dropping out of school and doing crime. This type of program would be classified as:

A. Smart intervention
B. Secondary intervention
C. Tertiary intervention
D. Evidenced-based intervention
E. Primary intervention

18. In the context of treating adolescent offenders, Dr. Hoge stated that all of the effective correctional principles that apply to adults also apply to youth. However, he did emphasize that the __________________ principle was particularly important when working with adolescent offenders.

A. Need
B. Empathy
C. Professional over-ride
D. Responsivity
E. Risk

19. The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory 2.0 (YLS/CMI 2) is an example of what kind of risk assessment decision-making approach:

A. Unstructured clinical judgement
B. Pure professional judgement
C. Structured professional judgement
D. Mechanical/statistical
E. Empirical actuarial /adjusted actuarial

20. You are a social worker in a youth custody facility. You are worried about the mental health of one of the boys on your caseload (you suspect he is engaging in self-harming behaviours and might be depressed). You would like to administer a short self-report questionnaire to this youth before formally referring him to the psychology department for further assessment and treatment. What instrument would you use?

A. MAYSI-2
B. PCL:YV
C. YLS-CMI 2
D. CSS
E. LSI-O