1- Social Cognitive Theory

What constructs of the Social Cognitive Theory (i.e., self-efficacy, collective efficacy, outcome expectations, knowledge, observational learning, normative beliefs, social support, barriers and opportunities, behavioral skills, intentions, reinforcement and punishment) would you use to develop an intervention to increase the number of people receiving an annual flu shot at your university (or workplace)? Refer to

Table 9.1 on pages 161 and 162.

Your initial post should use APA formatted in-text citations when you are paraphrasing or directly quoting information from outside sources (including the textbook). You should also include APA formatting reference(s) at the end of your post. It is suggested that these posts be at least 150 words.

2- Transtheoretical Model or Stages of Change

1- Assignment, you will describe the stages of change, processes of change and preferred intervention(s) for your chosen behavior (minimum 2 pages).

• Describe the 5 or 6 stages (i.e., precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and, if applicable, termination) of change and apply them to your health behavior.

• Describe the processes of change that enable each stage change (i.e., consciousness raising, dramatic relief, environmental reevaluation, self-liberation, self-reevaluation, helping relationships, counterconditioning, reinforcement management, and stimulus control). Please refer to page 132, Table 7.2 for the Processes of Change That Facilitate Progression Between Stages of Change.

• Describe the preferred intervention(s) for each stage.

• Describe your level of confidence in your ability to change your behavior.

3- Individual Health Behavior Presentation

You will prepare a (SHORT) presentation explaining one specific health behavior. Since this is an essential portion of the course material, these presentations must be clear and professional the presentation. In PowerPoint format

The presentation should include:

o Title slide (with your name) (SLIDE 1)

o Briefly define the health behavior (SLIDE 2)

o Briefly explain the public health significance of the behavior (i.e. provide statistics on the prevalence of the behavior, the population most at risk, etc.) (SLIDE 3)

o List at least two risk factors leading to the behavior (SLIDE 4)

A risk factor is any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. Some examples of the more important risk factors are underweight, unsafe sex, high blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (WHO, 2015).

o Indicate at least two health consequences/effects/impacts of the behavior (SLIDE 5)

Health effects (or health impacts) are changes in health resulting from exposure to a source. For example, several health consequences of smoking include heart disease, stroke, lung cancer. See the following link for additional information:

• Apply the constructs of an appropriate behavior model or theory that we've learned about in the course. (SLIDES 6 and 7 [more if needed])

• Describe methods for modifying the behavior (SLIDE 8)

• Professional References (look for websites with.gov, .edu, or use the textbook, or peer reviewed journal articles) (SLIDE 9)

• Reducing salt/sodium intake (to prevent...(hypertention/stroke/etc.))

• Increasing physical activity (to prevent...(hypertension, obesity, diabetes, etc.))

• Increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables (to prevent...)

• Reducing overall stress (to prevent...)

• Increasing practice of yoga and meditation (to reduce overall stress)

• Reducing caffeine intake (to prevent....)

• Increasing free time to spend with friends/family (to reduce stress (increase social support))

• Incorporating procrastination reduction techniques (to reduce overall stress)

• Reducing/eliminating alcohol intake (to prevent cirrhosis of the liver or other outcome)

• Getting a mammogram (in order to prevent/early detection of breast cancer)

• Using condoms during sexual activity (to prevent STIs/STDs/HIV/unplanned pregnancy)

• Getting tested for STIs/STDs (to prevent/early detect STIs/STDs)

• Getting tested for HIV (to prevent/early detect HIV)

• Getting a pap exam (to prevent/early detect HPV or cancers)

• Getting a prostate exam (to prevent/early detect prostate cancer)

• Getting a colonoscopy (to prevent/early detect colon cancer)

• Reducing fat intake (to prevent...)

• Reducing/eliminating smoking/tobacco use (to prevent...)

• Starting to/increasing flossing (to prevent gum disease, etc.)

• Washing hands correctly/often (to prevent flu, cold, foodborne illness, etc.)

• Getting a flu shot (to prevent/reduce likelihood of getting the flu)

• Reducing sugar intake (to prevent...)

4- Transactional Model of Stress and Coping

For your fifth assignment, you will describe the concepts of the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping applied to your health behavior.

Make a plan to manage stress and garner social support. (3-5 pages)

• In your own words, describe how stress affects health behavior in general.

• Define and apply each of the concepts in the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (i.e., primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, coping efforts [problem management, emotional regulation, and meaning-based coping], outcomes of coping/adaptation, dispositional coping styles [optimism, benefit finding, information seeking]. Refer to page 227, Table 12.3.

• Describe your level of confidence in your ability to change your behavior.

Use APA format for the in-text referencing and the reference list. You should be using reputable sources such as Centers for Disease Control (and other .gov resources) as well as the textbook and peer-reviewed articles.