1. Regarding the difference between normal and abnormal behavior, which statement is TRUE?
A) Abnormal behavior is unusual, whereas normal behavior is not.
B) The difference between disorder and no disorder is often a matter of severity.
C) Normal behavior is not "crazy," but abnormal behavior is.
D) Abnormal behavior is usually frightening and disturbing, but normal behavior is not.
2. DSM-IV is a reference guide for
a. diagnosing psychological disorders.
b. treating abnormal behaviors.
c. resolving conflicts.
d. prescribing psychoactive medication.
3. Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie most likely has a:
A. anxiety disorder.
B. mood disorder.
C. post-traumatic stress disorder.
D. antisocial personality disorder.
E. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
4. A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by:
A. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
B. a continuous state of tension, nervousness, and autonomic nervous system arousal.
C. hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion.
D. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
E. a chronic lack of guilt feelings.
5. Dorothy is so alarmed by spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to enter the basement of her own house alone. Dorothy may suffer from a(n):
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B. histrionic personality disorder.
C. dissociative disorder.
D. mood disorder.
E. phobia.
6. Frequent nightmares, insomnia, and intrusion of painful memories are symptoms commonly associated with:
A. bipolar disorder.
B. dissociative amnesia.
C. anorexia nervosa.
D. post-traumatic stress disorder.
E. histrionic personality disorder.
7. Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. In order to reduce his anxiety, he repeatedly counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing a(n):
A. panic disorder.
B. bipolar disorder.
C. generalized anxiety disorder.
D. obsessive-compulsive disorder
8. Which of the following is considered to be a mood disorder?
A. dissociative identity disorder
B. schizophrenia
C. post-traumatic stress disorder
D. bipolar disorder
E. antisocial personality disorder
9. For the last month, Mary has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Mary is most likely suffering from:
A. agoraphobia.
B. anorexia nervosa.
C. schizophrenia.
D. an antisocial personality disorder.
E. a mood disorder.
10. In the last three days, Doug has become progressively more energetic and euphoric. He has been sleeping no more than 1 or 2 hours per night, but he seems to have unlimited energy. He is working on plans to build a house in 24 hours. Doug is experiencing:
A) rapid cycling.
B) double depression.
C) a manic episode.
D) dissociative identity disorder.
11. In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?
A. dissociative identity disorder
B. bipolar disorder
C. obsessive-compulsive disorder
D. schizophrenia
12. Which of the following is considered to be a psychotic disorder?
A. dissociative identity disorder
B. schizophrenia
C. post-traumatic stress disorder
D. bipolar disorder
E. antisocial personality disorder
13. Karen and Tai are schizophrenic. Karen keeps hearing her canned goods talking to her, whereas Tai is convinced that he is a space alien. Karen is having ______________ and Tai is suffering from ______________.
a. delusions; hallucinations
b. obsessions; ideas of reference
c. hallucinations; delusions
d. thought insertion; ideas of reference
14. Psychologists are most likely to define psychologically disordered behavior as disordered if it is:
A. unloving and prejudicial.
B. biologically based and habitual.
C. unconsciously motivated.
D. maladaptive and distressing to self.
15. Lewis was depressed for about six months. Now, however, he feels so good, so energetic, and so confident of himself that he decides to take all his savings out of the bank and invest it in fish-tank equipment. He believes he has discovered a way to "make fish live forever," and he talks so rapidly and so excitedly to his neighbors that they can hardly understand him. Lewis has most likely been diagnosed as having ______________ disorder. Lewis' overexcited state is referred to as _________
a. bipolar; mania
b. dysthymic; panic attacks
c. conversion; dysthymia
d. panic; dissociation
16. Jamie's sleep patterns have been erratic over the course of the past few weeks, and she lacks the energy to do anything except lie on her couch. Jamie feels completely hopeless, and she wonders if life is worth living anymore. Jamie is most likely suffering from
a. major depressive disorder.
b. mania.
c. borderline personality disorder.
d. cyclothymic disorder.
17. Which of the following disorders is not classified as an anxiety disorder?
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B. bipolar disorder
C. generalized anxiety disorder
D. post traumatic stress disorder
E. phobia
18. Rudy has been a troublemaker from a very young age. At the age of 9, he was arrested for vandalism. At the age of 13, he forced the family cat to eat a lit firecracker. Now that Rudy is an adult, he has become a serial killer. Rudy is especially dangerous because people generally like him when they first meet him. Rudy most likely has a(n) ______________ personality disorder.
a. antisocial
b. narcissistic
c. avoidant
d. schizotypal
19. Which is not a symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Loss of contact with reality
b. Inappropriate emotions or affect
c. Hallucinations and delusions
d. Multiple personalities
20. Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of ________ .
A. bipolar disorder
B. post traumatic stress disorder
C. personality disorder
D. schizophrenia
E. dissociative identity disorder (or multiple personality disorder)
21. The different forms of biomedical therapy are based on the assumption that _____ play a significant role in causing the symptoms of psychological disorders.
A) dysfunctional family relationships
B) biological factors
C) repressed sexual urges and wishes
D) psychological factors
22. Which of the following techniques is most likely to help overcome a phobia?
A) aversive conditioning
B) the bell and pad treatment
C) systematic desensitization
D) free association
23. Cognitive therapy is to maladaptive _____ as behavioral therapy is to maladaptive _____.
A) conditioning; habit control
B) unconscious conflicts; conscious conflicts
C) consequences; beliefs
D) thinking and beliefs; learning and conditioning
24. ______ is a therapy that uses a pragmatic approach and involves a treatment plan that integrates behavior modification techniques and cognitive therapy techniques.
A) Counterconditioning
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Rational-emotive therapy
D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
25. The biomedical treatment most widely used today is:
A. psychoanalysis.
B. electroconvulsive therapy.
C. psychosurgery.
D. systematic desensitization.
E. drug therapy.
26. Cognitive-Behavioral therapists seek to ______________ by ______________.
a. see the world from their client's point of view; being empathic and reflective
b. change maladaptive behaviors and thoughts; providing the client with more adaptive behaviors and thoughts
c. gain insight into the person's psychological history; utilizing free-association and life histories
d. change behavior; gaining insight into the childhood origins of those maladaptive behaviors and thoughts
27. Which of the following techniques would behavior therapists most likely use to deal with a child who misbehaves in class?
A. aversive conditioning
B. eclectic therapy
C. systematic desensitization
D. transference
E. a token economy
28. Drugs that diminish psychotic symptoms are called:
A) antidepressants or antidelusionary medications.
B) antipsychotic medications or neuroleptic medications.
C) benzodiazepines or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
D) inhibitor medications or tranquilizers.
29. Valium, Librium, Xanax, and other similar antianxiety medications:
A) act quickly and reduce the physical and emotional feelings of anxiety in about an hour.
B) usually produce their anxiety-reducing effects within two to three weeks.
C) can safely be taken for months or years without any serious side effects.
D) increase brain levels of dopamine.
30. Bipolar disorder, which is also often referred to as manic depression, is most commonly treated with a medication called:
A) diazepam.
B) lithium.
C) chlorpromazine.
D) Librium.
31. Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called ________ disorders.
A. psychotic
B. dissociative
C. schizophrenia
D. personality
32. Jeff is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several elderly people out of their life's savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of:
A. a bipolar disorder.
B. antisocial personality disorder.
C. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D. schizophrenia.
33. All forms of psychotherapy share the assumption that _____ play(s) a significant role in problematic emotions, behaviors, and thoughts.
A) genetic vulnerability to mental disorders
B) abnormal brain chemistry
C) psychological factors
D) repressed sexual urges and wishes
34. The use of psychological techniques to treat psychological problems is to _____ as the use of medical techniques to treat psychological problems is to _____.
A) psychiatrist; clinical psychologist
B) psychologist; social worker
C) clinical psychologist; psychiatrist
D) psychoanalyst; clinical psychologist
35. The primary goal of psychoanalysis is to:
A) learn and reinforce more productive behaviors in place of maladaptive behaviors.
B) bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness to help the person gain insight into conflicts and resolve them.
C) provide unconditional positive regard to the person seeking help.
D) actively confront irrational thought patterns.
36. Carolyn's therapist told her to relax and spontaneously say whatever thoughts or images came to her mind. Carolyn's therapist was using the psychoanalytic technique of:
A) transference.
B) free association.
C) dream interpretation.
D) interpretation.
37. In psychoanalysis, the term resistance refers to the:
A) patient's repression of disturbing memories.
B) interpretation of dream symbols.
C) patient's unconscious attempts to block the process of revealing repressed memories and conflicts.
D) patient unconsciously responding to the therapist as though the therapist were a significant person in the patient's life.
38. According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist ideally should demonstrate:
A) modeling, adaptive thinking patterns, and collaboration.
B) challenge, confrontation, and resolution.
C) therapeutic neutrality, interpretations, and transference capacity.
D) genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.
39. Which of the following procedures is based on the principles of operant conditioning?
A) systematic desensitization
B) aversive conditioning
C) token economy
D) bell and pad treatment
40. An important feature of humanistic therapy is:
A. interpretation.
B. systematic desensitization.
C. transference.
D. free association.
E. active listening.