1. Refer to Rush forth, Colonial North America and the Atlantic World, 125-128. John Winthrop's vision of a New England can be found in his sermon, A Modell of Christian Charity. As you read this segment: How would you describe Winthrop's model for Christian Charity and his vision of a New England? How would you characterize Winthrop's conception of hierarchy, community, and charity?

2. Refer to Rushforth, Colonial North America and the Atlantic World, 125-128. John Winthrop's vision of a New England can be found in his sermon, A Modell of Christian Charity. As you read this segment: In what ways can this be viewed as a covenant (or treaty) with God? What was expected of those who lived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? In what ways was the individual expected to deny himself and see himself as part of a greater community?

3. Refer to Document: Edmund Morgan, (excerpt) American Slavery-American Freedom. According to Morgan, how did race and not social status become the key factor in making slavery a labor and cultural institution in the American colonies?

4. Refer to Rushforth, (The Virginia Slave Code of 1705) 106-116. Look through the Slave Code established in Virginia in 1705. Where do you see reference to race in determining difference between the servant and slave?

5. Refer to Rushforth 215-218 (William Penn Promotes Pennsylvania). According to William Penn, what did Pennsylvania offer colonists? Give SPECIFIC passages to demonstrate the best of Pennsylvania?

6. Refer to Rushforth 215-218 (William Penn Promotes Pennsylvania). Through this document, how did William Penn reveal his hopes and visions for the future of this colony?

7. Refer to Rushforth 240-246 (Gottlieb Mittleberger's Journey to America). According to the German immigrant Gottlieb Mittleberger, how was this passage across the Atlantic similar to the Middle Passage of African slaves? What does this show you about Colonial America, immigration, and labor needs?

8. Refer to Document: Benjamin Franklin, Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind. What did Franklin envision for the future of Pennsylvania? What type of ethnic composition did Franklin envision for the future of Pennsylvania? How did he defend his beliefs concerning ethnicity in Pennsylvania?

9. Refer to Rushforth 252-254: Benjamin Franklin Reflects on His Life and Times, document: Gordon Wood, The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin and video notes: Benjamin Franklin: An Extraordinary Life, an Electric Mind. What was the "Middling Sorts"? How does Franklin tout the virtues of "industry and frugality"? According to Franklin, why was industry and frugality a necessary ingredient for a stable and productive middle class life?

10. Refer to Documents: H.W. Brands in the The First American Gordon' Wood, The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin and video notes: Benjamin Franklin: An Extraordinary Life, an Electric Mind. How do these sources explain the concept of the civic-minded Benjamin Franklin as he lived in colonial Philadelphia? What compelled him to contribute to Philadelphia?