1. Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with
A) meta-analysis.
B) psychotherapy.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) psychoanalysis.
2. Mental health therapies that involve prescribed drugs or other procedures that act directly on a patient's nervous system are
A) cognitive therapies.
B) behavior therapies.
C) biomedical therapies.
D) psychodynamic therapies.
3. A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who
A) prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychotherapy.
B) emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.
C) prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.
D) uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches.
4. The first psychological therapy was introduced by
A) Joseph Wolpe.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Aaron Beck.
D) Carl Rogers.
5. Which of the following therapists would most likely try to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences?
A) a psychoanalyst
B) a behavior therapist
C) a humanistic therapist
D) a cognitive therapist
6. A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is
A) stress inoculation training.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) active listening.
D) free association.
7. Transference refers to a client's
A) conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.
B) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.
C) replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others.
D) translation of threatening dream content into nonthreatening manifest symbols.
8. Psychodynamic therapy is ________ than traditional psychoanalysis.
A) less effective
B) briefer
C) more expensive
D) less commonly used
9. Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by
A) discouraging patients from using antidepressant drugs.
B) using progressive relaxation to reduce patients' anxiety.
C) increasing patients' awareness of their own motives and defenses.
D) using personality tests to accurately diagnose patients' difficulties.
10. Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.
A) psychodynamic
B) biomedical
C) behavior
D) humanistic
11. An important feature of client-centered therapy is
A) systematic desensitization.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) active listening.
12. Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses include
A) a systematic desensitization and free association.
B) spontaneous recovery and stress inoculation training.
C) unconditional positive regard and transference.
D) aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.
13. Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________.
A) facilitated communication; interpersonal psychotherapy
B) stress inoculation training; biomedical therapy
C) free association; cognitive therapy
D) counterconditioning; behavior therapy
14. In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?
A) electroconvulsive therapy
C) cognitive therapy
B) systematic desensitization
D) aversive conditioning
15. Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of
A) classical conditioning.
C) behavior modification.
B) light exposure therapy.
D) progressive relaxation.
16. In order to encourage Mrs. Coleman, a withdrawn schizophrenia patient, to be more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of
A) active listening.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) classical conditioning.
17. The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to
A) progressive relaxation.
B) cognitive therapies.
C) behavior modification.
D) exposure therapies.
18. An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as
A) light exposure therapy.
B) meta-analysis.
C) psychopharmacology.
D) cognitive-behavior therapy.
19. Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system?
A) cognitive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) family therapy
D) client-centered therapy
20. Group therapy is typically more effective than individual therapy for
A) encouraging severely disturbed individuals to quickly regain normal social functioning.
B) enabling people to discover that others have problems similar to their own.
C) ensuring that therapists will become more emotionally involved in clients' real-life problems.
D) eliminating clients' anxiety during the process of therapy.