1. Porter’s Five Forces Framework suggests which of the following?

a. Firms can gain competitive advantage leveraging their strengths regardless of environmental factors. b. Changes in suppliers’ technologies can alter the competitive environment within the focal industry. c. The entrepreneurial abilities of managers are a central requirement for competing successfully in an industry. d. Complementary products are most likely to rise in importance as substitutes to existing technologies. e. Switching costs are lower for suppliers than for buyers.

2. The grapevine in most organizations is:

a. almost always incorrect in its content. b. nonexistent in organizations where management communicates face to face and by memo. c. the first place employees hear about major organizational changes. d. generally only used by troublemakers and gossips within the organization.