1. Name two components of the Heavy Meromyosin head, essential for interacting with Actin to accomplish a muscle contraction.

2. The filaments that attaches to the Z-line of the sarcomere are ___________________.

3.  Immature RBC's, found in the peripheral circulation are called _________________.

4. The major regulatory proteins of acting in skeletal muscle tissue are:

 a) Myosin and tropomyosin

 b) Myosin and ATPase

 c) Nicotine and troponin

 d) Troponin and tropomyosin

5. The Sino-Atrial (SA) node responds to sympathetic stimulation by:

a. Increasing Sodium retention, thereby increasing the slope of the depolarization curve.

b. Decreasing Sodium retention, thereby increasing the slope of the depolarization curve.

c. Increasing Chloride retention, thereby increasing the slope of the depolarization curve

6. If the connections between the Autonomic Nervous System and the heart were cut, then without ANY other influences. 

a. Heart rate would decrease    

b. Heart rate would increase   

c. Muscle contraction of the heart would increase

d. Heart activity would remain unchanged

7. Name 6 hormones released from the Anterior Pituitary.

8. In skeletal muscle, calcium is stored in what organelle?

a. Sacrolemma

b. SER

c. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

d. Sarcomere

9. The ________ is the principle organ involved in breaking up old erythrocytes and disposing of the cellular remains.

a. spleen

b. bone marrow

c. lungs

d. kidneys

10. Which of the following compounds would NOT be important in the cessation (stoppage) of blood loss?

a. Fibrinogen

b. Platelets

c. Plasmin

d. Sympathetic activation

11. Define the terms Haematopoiesis and Fibrinolysis (ONLY 1 sentence please each).

12. Which leukocyte is the most numerous?

a. Neutrophils

b. Macrophages

c. Lymphocytes

d. Basophiles

13. Name the hormone released from the posterior pituitary that is regulated through a positive feedback mechanism.   

14. _______________ is the term for contraction of the heart.

a. Diastole

b. Systole

c. Refractive index

d. None of the above

15. The increase in muscle tension, without a change in muscle length is called:

a. Isotonic

b. Isometric

c. Concentric

d. Eccentric

16. The hormone___________ regulates changes in plasma levels of sodium, while  the hormone ___________ allows for the uptake of glucose into muscle.

17. Which of the following items would cause a transport maximum decrease in Carrier-Mediated Diffusion?

a. An increase in substrate concentrations

b. Increase in ATP levels

c. Decrease in carrier proteins

d. Decrease surface area

18. Answer the following set of questions based on the image provided below.

During 0 phase, what active transport mechanism creates an electrical and chemical gradient for sodium?

What phase is represented during 4?

What phase is represented in the diagram during phase 5?

19. The type of gap junction found in cardiac muscle tissue is ______________________.

20. Which of the following is a prymidine?

a. Guanine

b. Cytosine

c. Adenine

d. Morphine

21. The connection between a single afferent axon and a single efferent axon in the spinal cord is called a:

a. NMJ

b. Monosynaptic Reflex

c. Polysynaptic reflex

d. Ganglion

22. The phase of an action potential associated with the efflux (exiting) of Potassium (K+) from inside an axon membrane is:

a. Rest

b. Depolarization

c. Repolarization

d. Hyperpolarization 

23. What portion of the Phospholipid compound is Hydrophilic?

a. Unsaturated Fatty Acid side chain

b. Saturated Fatty Acid side chain

c. Choline

d. All of the above

24.  If Adenine consists of 20% of a DNA structure, what percentage does Cytosine makeup of the same DNA structure?

a. 15%

b. 20%

c. 25%

d. 30%

25. Sensory afferent fibers originate from the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

T             

F

26.  The basic building block of a Nucleic Acid is:

a. Amino Acid

b. Glucose

c. Phosphate

d. Nucleotide

27. The lipid that impacts the fluidity of the plasma membrane is:

a. Cholesterol

b. Glycerol

c. Glycogen

d. Phospholipid

28. The type of nerve conductance associated with myelinated axons is ______________.

29. The release of a neurotransmitter from a neuron axon is triggered by the influx of this ion _A__ and is an example of the transport mechanism   _B__.

30. Which of the following compounds are amphipathic?

a. Prostaglandins

b. Nucleotides

c. Phospholipids

d. Cholesterol

31.  Myelin is deposited on axons in the PNS by:

a. Oligodendrocytes

b. Ependymal Cells

c. Schwann cells

d. Microglial cells

32.  G-Proteins are an example of what type of transport mechanism. Be specific.

33. Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

a. Usesfacilitated diffusion     

b. Requires cellular energy

c. Requiresassociated (peripheral) proteins    

d. Uses its concentration gradient to move

34.  The type of neuron that communicates information from the central to the peripheral nervous system.

a. Sensory neuron   

b. Interneuron    

c. Motor neuron    

d. Afferent neuron

35.  Osmosis is a special case of

a. Filtration   

b. Active transport   

c. Carrier transport   

d. Diffusion   

e. Facilitated diffusion