1. Minnesota data shows we have labor shortages and low unemployment rates. Immigrants do work that natives do not want or do not have the skills. by offering them lower wages than the market. Anecdotal evidence also suggests that immigrants because of their quest for economic survival, work harder and longer than native workers. Some employers prefer them.

2. In short, viewing immigrants as purely a collection of labor inputs can lead to a very misleading appraisal of what immigration is about and gives an incomplete picture of the economic impact of immigration. Because immigrants are not just workers but people as well, calculating the impact of immigration requires that we take into account that immigrants act in particular ways and that some actions are more beneficial than others.

3. If those who oppose immigration were correct, then Japan, an immigrant-unfriendly country, should be an economic juggernaut. It is not. Japan is facing an economic and demographic crisis.