1. Mendez v. Westminster was decided in 1946, almost ten years before Brown v. Board of Education which led to national desegregation of schools. How did the court interpret the facts of the case as violating the 14th Amendment? How was equal education defined in the Mendez case?

2. During the 1960s and 1970s, the Boricua and Chicano student movements, and groups like the Young Lords Party, led to the creation of ethnic studies programs in the Northeast and the Southwest. Compared to the political and social attitudes of previous generations, how were these youth-led movements different and what did they demand?

3. Bilingual education has been a major issue in the first half of the course, and was seen as helping to close the divide The ASPIRA Consent Decree was the beginning of the right to bilingual education, however, the ideology behind the purpose of bilingual education and the method of instruction shifted into the 1990s. What were the major shifts and landmarks (ideological, legal, political, and instructional) in the struggle for bilingual education up to the 1990s?