1. Many law enforcement agencies use voice-stress analysis to help determine whether persons under inter- rogation are lying. If the sound frequency of a person's voice changes when asked a question, the  presumption is that the person is being untruthful. For this situation, state the null and alternative hypotheses in verbal terms, then identify what would constitute a Type I error and a Type II error in this situation.

2. Following a major earthquake, the city engineer must determine whether the stadium is structurally sound for an upcoming athletic event. If the null hypothesis is "the stadium is structurally sound," and the alternative hypothesis is "the stadium is not structurally sound," which type of error (Type I or Type II) would the engineer least like to commit?