1. Local health departments outside of large cities did not exist until:

The 19th century.

The 20th century.

The 18th century.

None of the above.

2. Theories of illness can be divided into what two categories?

Personalistic and naturalistic.

Worldview and community view.

Cognitive orientation and cultural orientation.

None of the above.

3. An example of an essential public health service would be:

Regulation of nursing homes.

Assessment.

Assurances.

Policy development.

4. A current definition of public health might read as:

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health...through organized community effort.

The organized community efforts aimed at the prevention of disease and the promotion of health.

The totality of all evidence - based public and private efforts that preserve and promote health and prevent disease, disability, and death.

None of the above.

5. Understanding cultural adaptation is important for health care professionals because:

They will be better prepared to identify which race or ethnicity a person is.

They will be better prepared to deal with such issues as language barriers and distrust of the American medical system.

Both A and B.

None of the above.

6. Multicultural health can be described as all, but the following:

Taking into consideration a patient's lifestyle when offering treatment.

Not judging those health beliefs and practices that are different from your own.

Determining one best approach for providing health care.

Providing care within legal, ethical, and medically sound practices.

7. Nongovernmental organizations provide assistance to public health initiatives by:

Educating the public.

Supporting research.

Providing health services.

All of the above.

8. The process that occurs when individuals or groups of different cultures are absorbed into the dominant society is called:

Adaptation.

Integration.

Acculturation.

Assimilation.

9. Each is a contributing factor to individual health except:

Environmental exposures.

Genetics.

Behavior (lifestyle) choices.

Education.

10. Each is a core public health function except:

Assessment.

Assurance.

Addressing underlying causes of disease.

Policy development.

11. Currently, an example of a vulnerable group would be:

High risk mother and children.

People with disabilities.

Immune-suppressed persons.

All of the above.

12. The main difference between a biomedical and a holistic approach to care is:

Research studies.

Consideration of social aspects affecting wellness.

Cultural beliefs.

All of the above

13. The main difference between race and ethnicity is:

Race is a social construct and ethnicity is a group of characteristics that describe a group of people.

People can discriminate based upon race, but not on ethnicity.

People who believe in ethnicity and not race believe they are better than other races.

None of the above.

14. The relationship between theories of health and illness and a person's "bodily experience" can best be described as:

Causal.

Correlational.

Influencing contextual meaning.

None of the above.

15. Causes of health disparities associated with residential location may include each of the following except:

Environmental toxins.

Economic stress.

Diversity.

Physical conditions.

16. The concept of Community-Oriented Primary Care implies:

That public health issues can and should be addressed at the level of the community with active involvement of health care providers and community members.

Certain principles underlie the concept such as defining health care needs by examining the community as a whole.

That great leadership is required to develop community partnerships.

All of the above.

17. Health disparities can be identified by all of the following except:

Higher incidence of chronic disease.

Higher mortality.

Poorer health outcomes compared to the majority of the population.

Ethnicity.

18. The United States is often referred to as a "melting pot" because:

It is very diverse.

It is a leader in refining and melting precious metals.

Health care professionals work together to offer quality health care.

None of the above.

19. The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services includes all of the following constructs except:

Cultural awareness.

Cultural skill.

Cultural precompetence.

Cultural desire.

20. The four components of population health are:

Health Issues, Interventions, Social Justice, and Health Concerns.

Health Issues, Population(s), Society's Shared Health Concerns, and Society's Vulnerable Groups.

Health Issues, Healthcare Systems, Traditional Public Health, and Social Policy.

None of the above.

21. Community-Oriented Primary Care is one way to:

Connect clinical care and public health.

Involve community members in the process finding cures to disease.

Reduce health care costs for marginalized citizens.

All of the above.

22. The Lalonde Report was significant because:

First acknowledgment that health is determined by more than biological factors.

Led to the development of the health field concept.

Both A and B.

None of the above.

23. Which is not a step in developing Community-Oriented Primary Care?

Community definition.

Evaluation.

Intervention.

Assurance.

24. The best example of how approaches to public health have changed over time would be:

A paradigm shift in the focus of attention in improving public health.

Development and discoveries within the medical profession.

Cultural and societal changes in the way we live.

None of the above.

25. Evil eye is an example of:

A cognitive theory of illness.

A personalistic theory of illness.

A naturalistic theory of illness.

None of the above.

26. The agency most identified with public health at the federal level is:

The World Health Organization.

The National Institutes of Health.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

None of the above.

27. The federal government's role in public health is largely dictated by:

The Interstate Commerce clause of the US constitution.

Acceptance by the states of federal funding.

Both A and B.

None of the above.

28. Private foundations have played a major role in funding public health efforts and also:

Advancing public health efforts.

Stimulating governmental funding.

Both A and B.

None of the above

29. An example of a determinant would be:

Smoking.

Hurricane.

Religious beliefs.

All of the above.

30. A member of the Black Panther Party could be classified as which of the following in the acculturation framework discussed in the text:

Assimilated.

Integrated.

Marginal.

Separated.