1. In sociology, minority refers to the

a. dominant group.

b. subordinate group.

c. largest group.

d. smallest group.

2. Members of the dominant group usually

a. marry within their group.

b. marry members of the subordinate group.

c. become part of the group later in life.

d. have the same cultural characteristics as the subordinate group.

3. What defines a racial group?

a. religious differences

b. cultural practices

c. obvious physical differences

d. all of these

4. Which sociologist introduced the concept of the color-line?

a. William Julius Wilson

b. Karl Marx

c. Robert Merton

d. W.E.B. Du Bois

5. The socio historical process by which racial categories are created and manipulated is known as

a. racial formation.

b. ethnocentrism.

c. stratification.

d. labeling.

6. The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are superior to all others is termed

a. cultural relativism.

b. ethnocentrism.

c. prejudice.

d. assimilation.

7. Another term for an ethnic slur is

a. ethnocentrism.

b. prejudice.

c. ethnophaulisms.

d. discrimination.

8. Which of the following types of people would be unlikely to do much to change themselves?

a. the fair-weather liberal

b. the all-weather liberal

c. the timid bigot

d. all of these

9. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the authoritarian personality?

a. People with authoritarian personality are usually violent criminals convicted of hate crimes.

b. People with authoritarian personality tend to rebel against rules and authority.

c. People with authoritarian personality do not conform to conventional values and morality.

d. all of these

10. Exposure to ¬¬¬__________ appears to improve racial tolerance.

a. higher education

b. mass media

c. news programs

d. all of these

11. Sociologists now reject the view that minorities have

a. a particular personality

b. low self-esteem

c. a preference to belong to another group

d. all of these

12. Sociologist Devah Pager found that job-seeking men who were __________ received the most callbacks from potential employers.

a. white and had no jail time

b. black and had no jail time

c. Latino and had no jail time

d. black and had jail time

13. Which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination?

a. the dual labor market model

b. environmental racism

c. employment and housing discrimination

d. all of these

14. What is reverse discrimination?

a. The charge that women are also discriminated against in employment practices.

b. The charge that affirmative action discriminates against dominant group members.

c. The charge that Blacks have prejudice against Whites.

d. all of these

15. Which of the following is NOT descriptive of institutional discrimination?

a. Individuals choose not to hire people that belong to subordinate groups.

b. It is frequently unintended and unconscious.

c. It is part of policies and rules.

d. Conventional practices that favor dominant groups.

16. ________ refers to the practice of immigrants sponsoring other immigrants who, in turn, sponsor more.

a. Emigration

b. Chain immigration

c. Exile

d. Political asylum

17. Which of the following states has the highest percentage of foreign-born residents?

a. California

b. North Carolina

c. South Dakota

d. Minnesota

18. The tendency to favor one's own people over new arrivals is called

a. ethnocentrism.

b. xenophobia.

c. nativism.

d. xenophobia.

19. Limiting immigration on the basis of a quota from each country was part of the

a. Chinese Exclusion Act.

b. Immigration and Naturalization Act.

c. National Origin System.

d. Naturalization System.

20. The fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners is known as

a. nativism.

b. xenophobia.

c. ethnocentrism.

d. racism.

21. An example of a secessionist minority would be

a. Native Americans.

b. the Amish.

c. Irish Catholics.

d. Italian Americans.

22. What is the ethnicity paradox?

a. The emphasis on ethnic foods and ethnically associated political associations instead of deeper ties.

b. The maintenance of one's ethnic ties in a way that can assist with one's assimilation in larger society.

c. The belief that one's own culture is not as good as the dominant culture in society.

d. The social acceptance of prejudice toward White ethnics.

23. Members of which White ethnic group were placed in an internment camp in Montana during WWII?

a. Japanese

b. Italians

c. Jews

d. Irish

24. Which two White ethnic groups found, upon immigrating to America, that their shared religion did not trump their cultural differences, to such a degree that clergy were imported from Europe?

a. Germans and Irish

b. Irish and Italians

c. Jews and Italians

d. Germans and Poles

25. How can we draw on world systems theory to explain the exploitation of Native Americans by European invaders?

a. Social structure is best understood in terms of conflict between competing groups.

b. The global economy can be seen as dividing between nations that control wealth and those that provide natural resources and labor.

c. It emphasizes how parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.

d. It suggests the mechanisms that allow languages and culture to be forgotten.

26. The relocation of all Eastern tribes across the Mississippi River is

a. an example of a millenarian movement.

b. called the Trail of Tears.

c. an example of genocide.

d. called the Ghost Dance.

27. Fish-ins, among Native Americans, are examples of

a. assimilation.

b. protest.

c. millenarian movements.

d. pan-Indianism.

28. To what does the derisive term Uncle Tomahawks refer?

a. Native Americans who protest government interference.

b. Native Americans who return to the reservations after working and living in urban centers.

c. Native Americans who support pan-Indianism.

d. Native Americans who sympathize with the Bureau of Indian Affairs,

29. __________ defined the social position of slaves in the United States.

a. Individual owners

b. Slave codes

c. Jim Crow laws

d. Abolitionists

30. The distinctive dialect with a complex language structure that reflects the West African origins of Black Americans is known as

a. pidgin.

b. slang.

c. Ebonics.

d. Standard English.

31. What is the Talented Tenth?

a. Educated, privileged Blacks who W.E.B. DuBois thought should serve the interests of all Black Americans.

b. The percentage of Whites who were willing to help advance the interests of Black Americans.

c. The militant Blacks who would stand up to abuse without concern to their public image.

d. all of these

32. Williams v. Mississippi was a Supreme Court decision that

a. upheld the right of the government to deny the right to vote on the basis of race.

b. approved the use of poll taxes, literacy tests, and residency requirements as a way to keep Blacks from voting.

c. strengthened Jim Crow laws and advocated the "separate but equal" philosophy.

d. required schools to become integrated.

33. A. Philip Randolph threatened to march on Washington to ensure that Blacks could obtain employment in __________ during WWII.

a. government farms

b. the meat packing industry

c. defense plants

d. the army

34. Active nonviolent resistance is an example of

a. the riff-raff theory.

b. civil disobedience.

c. an assimilationist position.

d. radical militancy.

35. Which of the following statements about segregation in schools is FALSE?

a. A Harvard study indicates that 1 in 6 Black students attend apartheid schools.

b. De facto segregation continues in much of the country's schools.

c. Brown v. Board of Education eradicated segregation for good.

d. Tracking leads to segregation within schools.

36. What is gerrymandering?

a. Discriminating against people trying to buy homes in minority or racially changing neighborhoods.

b. Redrawing districts bizarrely to create politically advantageous outcomes.

c. The physical separation of two groups, often imposed on a subordinate group by the dominant group.

d. The tendency to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes.

37. Which of the following statements about the economic picture for African Americans today is true?

a. Middle class Blacks earn the same as middle class Whites; the disparity is among the poor and working class.

b. There is a higher proportion of Whites living in poverty than Blacks living in poverty.

c. Unemployment is higher for Black teenagers today than nationwide during the Great Depression.

d. The accumulation of wealth over generations is more important for upward mobility than income.

38. __________ are common among African American families.

a. Strong religious values

b. Extended family ties

c. Egalitarian parental decisions

d. all of these

39. What is victim discounting?

a. Whites being dealt with more leniently than Blacks at sentencing

b. Annual crime rate measurements

c. The tendency to view crime as less socially significant if the victim is viewed as less worthy

d. none of these

40. The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, such as Hispanics, is called

a. panethnicity.

b. ethclass.

c. assimilation.

d. marginalization.

41. The area of common culture along the U.S.-Mexico border is known as the

a. bicultural zone.

b. borderlands.

c. no-man's land.

d. new Ellis Island.

42. The third wave of Cuban immigration has been called the

a. banana boats.

b. Cuban invasion.

c. freedom flotilla.

d. Castro castoff.

43. Which of the following statements about Cuban-American immigrants is FALSE?

a. The first wave was wealthier and more educated than the third wave.

b. They wield notable political power, as evidenced by the Elian Gonzalez case.

c. Back in Cuba, most were prisoners, mental patients, and drug addicts.

d. They comprise the largest Hispanic group in the U.S. after Mexicans and Puerto Ricans.

44. What is the dry foot, wet foot policy?

a. The rule that allows asylum to Cubans who reach land.

b. The law that makes new Cuban immigration illegal.

c. The law that gives refugee status to any Cuban who leaves Cuba.

d. none of these

45. What U.S. political party gets the most votes from Hispanics?

a. Republicans

b. Green

c. Democrats

d. Socialist

46. The simplistic view of the people and history of the Orient, without recognition of change and diversity, is called __________.

a. Orientalism

b. pluralism

c. assimilationism

d. deficit model of ethnic identity

47. All of the following statements about Muslims is true EXCEPT

a. Most are not Arabs.

b. They recognize Jesus as a real historical, religious figure.

c. They generally read scripture in their native language rather than in Arabic.

d. The Qu'ran is their primary religious text.

48. About how many people in the U.S. claim Arab ancestry?

a. one million

b. one hundred million

c. three million

d. 500,000

49. What is a hijab?

a. religious pilgrimage

b. modest clothing

c. holy war

d. slang term for Muslims

50. Self image and worldview that is a combination of religious faith, cultural background based on nationality, and current residency is called a

a. merging identity.

b. combination identity.

c. blended identity.

d. mixed identity.

51. A group that despite past perceptions and discrimination, succeeds economically, socially, and educationally without resorting to political or violent confrontations with Whites is known as

a. the image minority.

b. the model minority.

c. the example minority.

d. the archetype minority.

52. What is the yellow peril?

a. The brain drain from China and India

b. The lack of educational achievement among Vietnamese.

c. The predominance of Asians in upper management.

d. Generalized prejudice towards Asians

53. Asian Indian immigrants call themselves

a. desi.

b. Haoles.

c. ilchomose.

d. AJAs.

54. Rotating credit associations, known as kyes, are common among

a. Asian Indian immigrants.

b. Chinese Americans.

c. Japanese Americans.

d. Korean Americans.

55. Which Hawaiian racial or ethnic group has the lowest rates of exogamy?

a. Native Hawaiians

b. Whites

c. Japanese Americans

d. Chinese Americans

56. The Chinese Exclusion Act was enacted in

a. 1775.

b. 1882.

c. 1990.

d. 1950.

57. Tongs are Chinese

a. hometown clubs.

b. secret societies.

c. money lending organizations.

d. kinship groups.

58. Fourth generation Japanese Americans are known as

a. Issei.

b. Nisei.

c. Sansei.

d. Yonsei.

59. The term for Japanese Americans interned in camps during WWII is

a. Yonsei.

b. evacuees.

c. refugees.

d. asylees.

60. What was the outcome of Endo v. United States?

a. reparations to Japanese internees

b. Japanese detainment ruled unconstitutional

c. the formation of Japanese interment camps

d. desegregation of schools in communities with many Japanese Americans

61. What is the term for contracted laborers brought to the United States from Mexico after the Depression?

a. braceros

b. wetbacks

c. La Raza

d. mojados

62. The term Chicanos refers to

a. Puerto Ricans.

b. all Latinos.

c. Mexican Americans.

d. Dominicans.

63. Mojado means

a. legal immigrant.

b. "wetback."

c. citizen.

d. contracted laboror.

64. Which group did Cesar Chavez organize?

a. Cuban refugees

b. Mexican farm workers

c. Puerto Rican New Yorkers

d. Mexican factory workers

65. What is the matrix of domination?

a. the effects of gender discrimination

b. racism and prejudice

c. the cumulative impact of race, gender, and class subordination

d. the culture of poverty