1. In general, as sample size increases

a. the sampling error increases in size
b. the sampling error decreases in size
c. the sampling error will remain the same regardless of changes in sample size
d. the sampling error is a constant
e. the sampling error fluctuates in size

2. Drawing a judgmental sample

a. allows researchers to use their prior knowledge about the topic
b. enlists the aid of uninformed respondents
c. results in a sample that has no researcher bias
d. ensures a representative sample
e. requires the development of a quota matrix

3. Probability samples are advantageous to the researcher because?

a. the method by which they are selected limits conscious and unconscious sampling bias
b. the accuracy or representativeness of the sample can be estimated
c. they are perfectly representative of the population from which they are drawn
d. all of the above
e. only a and b are correct

4. A researcher discovers that in a particular city 10% of the households are headed by a single person and that 90% of the families are husband-wife families. The researcher tells interviewers to conduct 80 interviews. Ten percent of these interviews should be with families that are headed by a single person, and 90% should be with husband-wife families. This research uses

a. simple random sampling
b. quota sampling
c. cluster sampling
d. stratified sampling
e. accidental sampling

Research Scenario

You are doing research on hospital personnel--orderlies, technicians, nurses, and doctors. You want to be sure you draw a sample that has cases in each of the personnel categories.

5. Refer to Research Scenario. You want to use probability sampling. An appropriate strategy would be

a. simple random sampling
b. quota sampling
c. cluster sampling
d. stratified sampling
e. accidental sampling

6. Refer to Research Scenario. Suppose the researcher in wanted to use nonprobability sampling. An appropriate strategy would be

a. simple random sampling
b. quota sampling
c. cluster sampling
d. stratified sampling
e. accidental sampling

7. You want to examine the relationship between family size and family cohesion. You use as your sample all the students in your research methods class. What kind of sampling design are you using?

a. simple random sampling
b. quota sampling
c. cluster sampling
d. stratified sampling
e. reliance on available subjects

8. Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in

a. simple random sampling
b. systematic sampling
c. disproportionate sampling
d. cluster sampling
e. stratified sampling

9. Statistical computations assume that you have done

a. simple random sampling
b. systematic sampling
c. cluster sampling
d. stratified sampling
e. any one of the above is assumed

10. If a field researcher wanted to learn a political organization's pattern of recruitment over time, the researcher might begin by interviewing a fairly recent recruit and ask who introduced that person to the organization. Then the researcher might interview the person named and ask who introduced that person to the political organization. This would be an example of

a. snowball sampling
b. systematic sampling
c. deviant cases sampling
d. accidental sampling
e. quota sampling

11. A disadvantage of stratified sampling is that it

a. denies you the use of probability theory
b. requires you to have some prior knowledge about the elements in the population prior to drawing the sample
c. usually increases the standard error
d. usually requires samples that are larger in size than those required by simple random sampling
e. none of the above

12. A study population is

a. the hypothetical aggregation of all the elements in a study
b. the theoretically specified aggregation of study elements
c. that aggregation of elements from which the sample is actually selected
d. that aggregation or set of elements considered for selection in some stage of sampling
e. that aggregation of elements from which information is collected

True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

13.The study of deviant cases is an example of a purposive study.

14. If two samples of the same size are drawn from the same population using simple random sampling, it follows that they will have the same statistics.

15. Generally, the more heterogeneous the population, the more beneficial it is to use stratified sampling.

16. Sampling error is typically reduced by either increasing sample size or by increasing the homogeneity of the elements being sampled.

17. The general guideline for the cluster design is to minimize the number of clusters selected while increasing the number of elements within each cluster.

18. Nonprobability sampling is particularly useful in quantitative studies.

19. Findings based on a sample can be taken as representing only the aggregation of elements that compose the sampling frame.

20. Taken as a whole, a stratified sample is more likely to be representative on several variables than a single random sample.